V. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the differences between capitalist and socialist economies?

2. What is «communism»i

3. When and where had socialism its origin? A. Who are «utopian socialists»?

5. What do the less developed countries need to increase production?

V VI. Define the terms:

farm productivity capitalist economy

to allocate resources socialist economy

government prepared plan free entreprise

physical infrastructure living standard

VII. Translate into English:

1. EKOHOMJKa BinbHoro niflnpweMHMU,TBa nepen6anae icHyBaHHn npuBaTHoT snacHOCTi. 2. Ymobh npauj Ha tЈa6pnKax 3a tmx naciB 6ynn aywe noraHMMM. 3. Po3B'»3aHHJt u,nx npo-6neM nonnrano y cTBopeHHi ManeHbKMX ifleanbHHx TosapHCTB, y hkmx <ba6pnKaMn eonoAinn 6 po6iTHWKW, a npn6yTOK po3-noflinnnn Miw yciMa. 4. Po6oTa nacTO BMKOHyBanacn HonoBiKaMH, wiHKaMM Ta flirbMM y cpi3MHHO He6e3neHHMX yMOBax. 5. ripn cou,iani3Mi ocmobhi 3aco6n BMpo6Hnu,TBa HanewaTb aepwaei, pecypcH po3noAin«K)TbCfl 3a nnaHOM. 6. LU,o nepeA6anae npo-U,eC TpaHCdpopMaU.fi'3 HM3bKMM piBHeM p03BMTKy Kpai'HM b cy-HacHy flepwaBy? 7. flna niABnmeHHfi «nTT6Boro piBHJi po3BM-tok eKOHOMiKu Kpai'H" Mae nepeflyeain 3pocTaHHK> KinbKocri HaceneKHfl. 8. 5kmo BunycK npoAyKU.iT za neBHMh nepioA nacy 3pic Ha 10 BiACOTKiB, a iMcejibHicrb HaceneHHH 36inbmnnacji Ha 15 BiflcoTKiB, to jkhttcbmm piBeHb 6yAe ripiuMM, hi>k 6yB Ha nonaTKy u,bOro nepioAy.

VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:

A.: Look, in 1986, my relatives as well as many other music lovers were treated to an extended daylong concert fea-, turing many rock and jazz greats. The Live Aid concert staged simultaneously in London's Wembley Stadium and Philadelphia's JFK Stadium was beamed via satellite to millions of viewers in Europe and America.

C: I remember the purpose of the concert. It was to raise funds for the starving people of Africa. The sight of the desperately hungry in Ethiopia a few years ago, and before that in the West African region of the Sahel, shocked and helped sensitize television viewers to the tragedy in these lands.

A.; Certainly. Some scholars place the major blame for these conditions on runaway population growth in nations of the undeveloped world.

C: In what way do they explain it?

A.: They explain that standards of living in many developing nations continue to decline because the growth in population is greater than economic growth.

C: No doubt. And if world economic growth continues to average about two percent annually, nearly half the world's people will live in countries where population growth exceeds economic growth.

A.: Much of what these writers had to say was foretold by an 18th — century English economist, Thomas Malthus. In his «Essay on Populations (1798) Malthus warned of the dire consequences of uncontrolled population growth.

C: What was his argument?

A.: His argument was direct and simple. While food supplies can be increased through the addition of land and labor, the rate of growth is in an arithmetic progression (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and so on). But population growth expands in an geometric progression.

C: As far as 1 understood, given the difference between the rate of population growth and that of production, Malthus concluded that a large portion of humanity was doomed to a life of misery.

A.; Worse yet, as the arithmetically increasing food production fell short of satisfying the geometrically increasing population, malnutrition and disease would take their toll until the rising death rate restored the balance between food and population.

C: Critics of Malthusian theory argue that the focus on population misses the main causes of hunger and starvation. The fact is that the agricultural nations grow enough to feed themselves and the rest of the world. However, not enough food reaches those in need because poor nations do not have the international currency with which to purchase it from world suppliers.

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