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IX. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:

to have some notion of derived demand

to be acceptable to in a given time period

to increase output the rate of total expenditure .

to result from disposable income

X. Make up one complex sentence according to the mo­ del:

Model: A job was found. He lost an incentive to work.

A job had been found before he lost an incentive

to work. 1. They were hired by managers. They made up their mind to leave the city. 2. More workers were used by employers. They produced the goods and services. 3. Hired workers were laid off. Employers cut back production. 4. The «army of unemployed» was created. Enough jobs were found. 5. Many dollars were spent. They could produce their services.

XI. Make the following sentences passive:

1. You had laid off more workers by that time. 2. He had developed this theory by the end of the fiscal year. 3. They had spent a half of their saving before they returned to the hotel. 4. People had produced much output at various price levels by the end of the month. 5. He said that a va­riety of forces had influenced consumption decisions by that time.

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XII. Translate info English:

1. rieBHa cyMa rpoujen 6yna BurpaieHa nepeA tmm, hk bohm BHpiujMJiw IT 3aomaAMTM. 2. Bih CKa3ae, mo MHHynoro tm>KH3 cbrpMOio 6yjio 6araTO enpo6neHo TOBaptB i HaAaHo nocnyr. 3. Mm CK33ann, mo AOCTaTHto KinbKicib po6oHnx Micu,b 6yno 3HaMASHO Ann 6e3po6iTnwx. 4. Hh 6araTO npoflyKU,j"i' 6yno Bnpo6neHo a° Toro sacy? 5. Bohm JHcbopMyBafiM, mo He Bci TOBapM 6ynw eKcnopTOBani.

XIII. Communicative situations:

  1. What factors other than current income might influence consumer spending? How would changes in these factors affect the consumption function? Explain your reasoning.

  2. Are current sales really ignored in investment decisions? How might changes in current sales affect expectation or rate of desired investment? Discuss it.

Consumer Price Index — iHAeKc cno>KMBHMx u,iH

e.g. The most common measure of inflation is the Consumer Price Index.

inflation rate — reMn iHcbnnu.ii'

e.g. inflation rate is the annual rate of increase In the average price level.

price stability — cra6ini,HicTb ujh

e.g. Price stability is the absence of significant changes in the average price level.

demand-pull inflation — JHcpnfiu,ifl, cnpMHHHeHa nonmoM

e.g. Demand-pull inflation is an increase in the price level initiated by excessive aggregate demand.

cost-push inflation — JHcfonsmid, cnpMHMHeHa BapTicrto

e.g. Cost-push inflation is an increase in the price level initiated by an increase in the cost of production.

II. Give English equivalents of the following:

MaTM ceMC

KynyaaTM peni Ha npoAaxt {Ann nepenpoAyeaMHa) reMn iHcpJifluii' BHpo6HMLvrBo Mfle Ha cnaA

average level of prices nominal income price increases relative price income a deflation real income

Lesson 16 INFLATION

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