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VI. Translate into Ukrainian.

International society, law-creative action, democratically elected government, in exile, nonstate actors, to proliferate, preeminent actor, acknowledgment by the international community, entity, essential characteristics, governmental capacity, international community, entitlement to the rights and privileges, overarching purpose, recognition, explicitly or implicitly, constitutive theory of recognition, legal consequences, declaratory theory of recognition.

VII. Read the text. The role of international organizations13

International organizations (IOs) function as intergovernmental political bodies and forums where representatives from states convene to discuss and negotiate issues involving their mutual political, social, and economic concerns. These multilateral bodies are sometimes viewed as arenas where governments in dispute trade accusations, where countries rhetorically lament and occasionally address disparities in socioeconomic situations, where states deliberate and discuss concerns over one another's conduct, and where parties discuss transnational problems and posit various solutions. From a cynical perspective, international organizations—the United Nations in particular—are often depicted as ineffective multilateral bureaucracies hobbled by waste, inefficiency, and mismanagement. Although a certain degree of truth resides in these impressions, none accurately reveals the whole picture, purposes, or activities of international organizations or their successes, nor do they suggest the broad truth that international organizations have emerged since World War II as the preeminent institutional source of international legal rules. In this regard, the United Nations system stands out as the main multilateral engine for creating international rules.

As formalized in their founding documents—usually called charters—the purposes of international organizations are to develop friendly relations among states; cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems; and promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. To accomplish these objectives, member states resort to using these institutions and processes to make new international legal rules that address problems accrued from changing circumstances and political developments. […]

International Organization Legal Rules

International organizations play extensive, sophisticated roles as lawgivers to the inter­national community. IOs create, amend, and implement international legal rules from a variety of sources for their member states. Yet, few observers truly appreciate or even acknowledge such contributions. IOs entail complex institutional arrangements, usually formed by several organs and agencies, many of which constantly remain engaged in making, codifying, and revising international legal rules. These rules are often pragmatic and highly utilitarian. They can be negotiated, adopted, adapted, and implemented more easily into the mainstream of international intercourse through the multilateral forums afforded by these organizations than they can by unilateral diplomacy and other such traditional means. This role of lawmaker often evolves into the creation of new legal norms—that is, those legal principles that are agreed on as “right" and proper actions, which have become binding on members of the international community and which serve to guide, control, and regulate proper and acceptable conduct among international actors.

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