Reading Units of Measure

Ex. 15. The following quantities are used in oil- and gas-related measurements. Match the English terms with their Russian translation.

density, mass density	площадь
dynamic viscosity	удельное сопротивление
volume	удельный объем
volumetric flow	динамическая вязкость
specific volume	скорость
conductivity	объемный расход
speed, velocity	поверхностное натяжение
resistivity	плотность, массовая плотность
surface tension	объем
area	проводимость

Ex. 16. Match the names of the measure units with the corresponding quantities.

Quantity	Unit of measure
density, mass density dynamic viscosity volume volumetric flow specific volume conductivity speed, velocity resistivity surface tension area	square metre cubic metre metre per second cubic metre per second kilogram per cubic metre cubic metre per kilogram newton per metre ohm metre pascal second siemens per metre

Ex. 17. Match the names of the measure units from Column A and their symbols from Column B.

Name	Symbol
square metre	N/m
cubic metre	Ω·m
metre per second	S/m
cubic metre per second	m3/kg
kilogram per cubic metre	m3
cubic metre per kilogram	m2
newton per metre	m3/s
ohm metre	kg/m3
pascal second	m/s
siemens per metre	Pa·s

Ex. 18. Practice reading the following expressions.

1. The dynamic viscosity of gasoline is 0,9×10⁶ m²/s

2. The volume of the produced fluid is about 100,000 m³/d.

3. The specific volume of n-butane in the mixture is 0.0775 m³/kg.

4. The conductivity of this rock varies in the range of 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁸ m/s.

5. The velocity of sound waves in this rock measured by acoustic logging is about 7,000 m/s.

6. The resistivity of soft formations, such as shaly sands, ranges from 0.2 ohm-m to about 50 ohm-m.

7. The surface tension of water in this water-wet rock is about 0.995 N/m.

8. The area of the license area is about 30 km².

9. The density is 2260 kg/m³.

10. The volumetric flow from the reservoir is 1.04×10³ m3/s.

Ex. 19. Make a presentation on one of the following topics:

1. Simulation tools in reservoir engineering

2. Fluid dynamics in reservoir engineering

3. Gas reservoir engineering

4. Material balance equations in reservoir engineering

5. Waterflooding

6. Enhanced oil recovery techniques

Listening

Ex. 20. Watch the video “Extreme Oil Drilling” and decide whether the following statements are True or False.

Vocabulary:

1. BTU = British thermal unit – британская единица теплоты

2. Kern, Enwire – Керн, Энвайр (названия месторождений)

3. Prudhoe Bay – Прудо-Бэй (название месторождения)

1. Hot steam is injected to decrease the viscosity of oil.

2. By giving the numbers, the speaker emphasizes the amount of steam needed to warm the ground.

3. The Prudhoe Bay oil field is operated by BP.

4. Prudhoe Bay is a relatively young field.

5. Oil has been produced in all continents in the past century.

6. Gulf of Mexico is an example of oil exploration in deep waters.

7. In the Gulf of Mexico oil is likely to be produced close to the shore.

8. The depth of the well in the Gulf of Mexico is twice the height of Mount Everest.

Ex. 21. Watch the video again and fill in the blanks in the following sentences with a word or a short phrase.

1. There are huge reserves of _____, or thick oil left.

2. To produce oil, _____ is pumped into the ground.

3. In order to produce oil, petroleum engineers must _____ the rock.

4. A similar technique is to be applied in Prudhoe Bay field located in _____.

5. Thick oil must be _____ and _____ to be recovered.

6. It is becoming more and more difficult to produce oil from _____ fields.

7. Petroleum explorers are looking for oil in more _____ areas than before, such as _____.

8. The amount of oil produced in the Gulf of Mexico is _____ the amount produced in Alaska’s _____.

9. The drilling ship in the Gulf of Mexico is located _____ miles offshore.

10. The rocks in the Gulf of Mexico are _____ years old.

Grammar

Ex. 22. Study the following information.