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II. Match the following English and Ukrainian collocations.

  1. industrial development

  1. альтернативні джерела енергії

  1. per capita use

  1. бурхливий економічний розвиток

  1. industrialised

  1. використання на душу населення

  1. energy market

  1. відновлювані, невичерпні джерела енергії

  1. surging economic growth

  1. глобальне потепління

  1. volatile energy costs

  1. головне паливо

  1. carbon dioxide (C02)

  1. двоокис вуглецю (C02 )

  1. greenhouse gas emissions

  1. екологічно безпечний, нешкідливий для навколишнього середовища

  1. ozone layer

  1. електростанція

  1. global warming

  1. енергія гідроелектростанцій

  1. non-renewable (energy sources)

  1. ефект парникових газів

  1. fossil fuel

  1. запаси газу

  1. environmentally friendly

  1. захисник навколишнього середовища

  1. power station

  1. зберігати енергію

  1. gas-fired

  1. зріджений природний газ

  1. Kyoto Agreement

  1. індустріальний розвиток

  1. gas reserves

  1. Киотський договір

  1. liquefied natural gas (LNG)

  1. мінливі ціни на енергію

  1. gas-to-liquids technologies

  1. невідновлювальні, вичерпні (джерела енергії)

  1. primary fuel

  1. озоновий шар

  1. nuclear energy

  1. паливні копалини

  1. green lobbyist

  1. прилад для виробництва енергії

  1. raw materials

  1. ринок енергоносіїв

  1. conservе energy

  1. розвинутий (з розвинутою промисловістю)

  1. alternative energy sources

  1. сировина

  1. renewable energy sources

  1. такий, що використовує природний газ

  1. hydro-electric power

  1. технології зрідження природного газу

  1. fuel cell

  1. ядерна енергія

III. Translate the following focusing on the underlined parts, analyse the transformations.

  1. Debt service was consuming resources that could be used for social services, education, industrial development and infrastructure.

  2. Figures for daily per capita water use indicate that Israelis use five times more water (350 litres) than Palestinians (70 litres).

  3. It's unlikely that this factor will have long-term influence, but it will continue to provide support to the energy market in the near future.

  4. Singapore defies global gloom with surging economic growth.

  5. Volatile energy prices, water scarcity and wastewater regulations pose a significant risk to profits.

  6. It is in the long-term interests of all individual garage owners to standardize the price of petrol at some artificially high value.

  7. The respiratory depression produced by these drugs results in an increase in plasma acidity, as carbon dioxide (CO2) is converted to carbonic acid.

  8. It was also imperative to take immediate measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to curb the depletion of non-renewable resources.

  9. Ozone layer is made up of ozone (a type of oxygen) that protects the earth from too many harmful UV rays.

  10. The rising stakes of global warming are also closing off dialogues in some fields of science.

  11. With a small amount of supplementary energy from natural gas or any other fossil fuel, solar thermal plants can supply electric power on a steady and reliable basis.

  12. These mechanisms provide an important opportunity to realise technology transfer from western countries to Ukraine in renewable energy, energy efficiency and environmentally friendly energy technologies.

  13. In respect of the Company power stations there is the risk of equipment failure because of the personnel misoperation both in normal mode and emergency state.

  14. A number of such demonstration projects for coal and for gas-fired power plants are in various stages of development in Australia, Canada, Europe and the United States.

  15. Poland's reserves of shale gas are estimated to be as much as 3 trillion m3 by geologists and energy consultants, potentially making Poland a net exporter of gas.

  16. Over the past two decades the international gas market has developed considerably through the introduction of new pipelines and the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) transport where pipelines are not practicable.

  17. The Sasol gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology uses three chemical processes to convert natural gas, or a similar gaseous hydrocarbon, into liquid fuels and related petrochemicals.

  18. Sub-projects undertaken as a result of the agreement will improve energy efficiency, particularly as a result of reductions in primary fuel use.

  19. Nuclear energy has attracted increasing attention in recent years given its CO2 emission benefits.

  20. Many green lobbyists will figure out that a background in law is one of the best tools they can have at their disposal.

  21. The manufacturers would refer to an absence of fuel, raw materials, accessories, credits.

  22. Use of fuel from the gas turbine engine as the heat- carrier in heat exchangers also allows to bring down the overall consumption of fuel thus making the installation more energy-conserving.

  23. Increasing population pressure combined with the lack of access to alternative sources of energy drive villagers to overexploit the walnut forests' wood stocks.

  24. In addition, the world's energy system was not unsustainable, whereas renewable energy sources held out real promise.

  25. The decision to site a new power plant or hydro-electric station shall be subject to an environmental impact assessment prior to the issuance of a construction permit.

  26. Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run, but they can produce electricity continually for as long as these inputs are supplied.

UNIT 4

ENERGY SOURCES

TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETATION

PART I

INDIA'S ENERGY NEEDS

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