IV (смешанный) тип условных предложений

If I knew English, I would have helped you with the translation yesterday. – Если бы я знал английский (вообще), то вчера я бы помог вам сделать перевод.

If you had seen the film, we could discuss it now. – Если бы вы (уже) видели фильм, мы могли бы сейчас его обсудить.

Условие и следствие (т.е. придаточное и главное предложения) относятся к разным временам: одно к прошедшему, другое – к настоящему или будущему. Поэтому этот тип условных предложений называют также смешанным.

Дополнительные придаточные после wish

Дополнительные придаточные предложения с глаголом wish выражают желание того, чтобы изменился ход событий. Для выражения действия, одновременного с действием, выраженным глаголом-сказуемым главного предложения, в придаточном употребляется глагол to be в форме were для всех лиц или Past Indefinite от всех других глаголов.

I wish he were with us. – Я бы хотел, чтобы он был с нами.

I wish I had more free time. – Я бы хотел, чтобы у меня было больше свободного времени.

Возможно также употребление was в предложениях с wish для 1-го и 3-го лиц, что типично для разговорного английского.

I wish it were Tuesday today = I wish it was Tuesday today. – Жаль, что сегодня не вторник.

Если глагол придаточного предложения выражает действие, предшествующее действию, выраженному в главном предложении, он стоит в Past Perfect в значении сослагательного наклонения.

I wish we had seen him yesterday. – Жаль, что мы не встретили его вчера.

She wishes she hadn’t said it. – Хорошо было бы, если бы она этого не

сказала.

В придаточных дополнительных после wish местоимение 2-го лица + would может выражать вежливую или невежливую просьбу в зависимости от интонации:

I wish you would shut up! – Замолчали бы вы что ли!

I wish you’d give her a message for me. – Не могли бы вы передать ей мою

просьбу?

В русском языке предложению с wish могут соответствовать: «жаль, что …», «хорошо было бы …», «хотелось бы …»

I wish he were here. – 1. (Как) жаль, что его нет с нами.

2. (Как) мне хотелось бы, чтобы он был с нами.

3. Хорошо было бы, чтобы он был здесь.

Тренировочные упражнения

Exercise 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление залога.

1. If I were young I should have a walking holiday.

2. If I were you I should pay no attention to what she says.

3. The vase is beautiful. You wouldn't find another to match it if you tried.

4. If you hated sick people you wouldn't be a doctor, dear.

5. They say Frank has changed greatly. - Oh, yes. You would hardly know him if you met him.

6. If I had known that, I shouldn't have come.

7. We should never have found the house if a passer-by hadn't helped us.

8. If you had left earlier you would have caught the tram.

9. If you had taken the medicine the doctor prescribed you, you would feel better now.

10. If you had read the article I recommended, you'd know how to answer such questions.

Exercise 2. Определите залог в следующих предложениях и переведите их на русский язык.

1. I'll help you if I can.

2. Shut the door after you!

3. She didn't know where she was and what had happened.

4. I remember it so clearly as if it had happened only yesterday.

5. She promised she would be calm.

6. She wouldn't be calm if she knew what has happened.

7. She said she didn't know me.

8. Will you do it for me if I ask you?

9. The article was not difficult and I could translate it.

10. If I had a dictionary I could translate the article.

11. If I had not told him, he would never have known.

12. She was sure I had told him the bad news.

Exercise 3. Закончите предложения, используя сослагательное наклонение.

1. If it were not so late … .

2. If it were Sunday today … .

3. If you invited him … .

4. If I were you … .

5. If she lived in Moscow … .

6. If you had waited a little … .

7. If I could lay the piano … .

8. If you had done as I told you … .

10. If she were my sister … .

11. If the weather were fine … .

12. We should go to the country if … .

13. I should help you if … .

14. He would have done it for you, no doubt, if … .

15. They would play tennis now if … .

16. I should have come yesterday if … .

17. What you do if … .

18. It would be very nice if … .

19. I'd have a walking holiday if … .

20. They'd be only very glad if … .

21. Everything would have been all right if …

Exercise 4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What would you do if you were a student of English? a writer? a doctor?

2. What would you do if it is drizzled? If it looked like raining?

3. If the weather were fine and frosty? If it were warm and sunny?

4. Who would you consult if you fell ill?

5. What would you do if you won a lot of money?

6. What would you do if you had your holiday now?

7. What would you do if you saw a ghost?

8. What would you do if you married a prince?

Exercise 5. Вставьте нужную форму залога.

1. If they (not to help) us we (not to find) the way.

2. If I (to have) enough money I (to buy) this cassette-recorder.

3. You (to be) able to speak English better if you (to study) harder.

4. If she (to be) older she (to understand) you better.

5. If he (to be) in town yesterday he (to call) on us.

6. We (to enjoy) the town better if it (not to be) so long.

7. My uncle (to be able) to help us if he (to be) here.

8. I (to do) the same if I (to be) there.

9. If I (to know) of your arrival I (to meet) you.

10. If you (to know) what it is all about, you (not to keep) on smiling.

11. If you (to go) to the theatre last night, I'm sure, you (to enjoy) the play.

12. He (to act) differently if he (to realize) the situation.

13. If she (to come) earlier she (to be) able to see them before they went out.

14. Nobody told me about the trouble. I (to help) you if I (to hear) about it.

15. I (to come) sooner if I (to know) you were here.

16. We (not to know) anything about their plans for the summer holiday if Mario (not to send) us a letter.

17. If you (to come) between two and three yesterday you (to find) him in.

18. If I (to be) you I (to have) a long walk in the park.

19. If I can help you I readily (to do) so, but you know I can't.

20. I must be off now. If it (not to be) so late I (to stay) a little longer.

Exercise 6. Заполните пропуски глаголами, данными в скобках.

1. He is quite wealthy. So if he … an interest in you, my dear, it … because of your money (take, not be).

2. I … you if I … a way out, but there isn’t one (not press, see).

3. I suppose my instincts … me to where I am now even if I … at the window of Sylvia’s cafe that morning (lead, not sit).

4. She just slipped out without a word to anybody and I … her if I … her (stop, catch).

5. I … miserable if I … should ever be more serious than I am at the present moment (be, think).

6. I am quite sure you … round her if you … (can get, try).

7. She was a stranger. If he … her in Cape Town he … and … on his way without knowing she was his sister (see, look, go).

8. And Julia was convinced that … it … possible to get the operation done secretly, he … his face lifted (be, have).

9. If a wish … men, those fishers … as I wished them to die (can kill, die).

10. … you … me seriously if you … me ten years ago (take, meet)?

11. If she … to die tomorrow, who … (be, care)?

12. If I … you I … him. He is a dangerous man (be, fear).

13. … he … free in the morning he … to the box-office to get tickets (be, go).

Exercise 7. Измените предложения, используя следующие образцы:

Example: She won't help us as she is not here. - She would help us if she were here.

We didn't meet so often because she lived far from my place. - We should

have met more often if she had not lived so far from my place.

1. They will do it if they can.

2. It isn't summer now, and we don't go to the country.

3. He doesn't write to me, and I don't write to him.

4. She didn't find the book because she didn't pen the bag.

5. It will be better if they don't come.

6. I didn't give it to you because you were out.

7. I can't knit another sweater as I have no more wool.

8. I don't study Italian as I haven't much spare time.

9. She didn't follow the doctor's advice and fell seriously ill.

10. The boy is shivering. He isn't quite well.

11. He refuses my help, and the work won't be finished today.

12. I have a headache because I had a sleepless night.

13. Anne can't translate this song: she doesn't know French well enough.

14. You are not quite all right now because you didn't taken the medicine regu larly.

15. They took a taxi and didn't miss the train.

16. He doesn't know her address, or he will write to her, I'm sure.

17. The garden doesn't look beautiful because the trees are bare.

18. He makes so many mistakes because he doesn't know grammar well enough.

19. Will you do it for me if I ask you?

Exercise 8. Употребите в следующих предложениях косвенную речь. Сделайте все необходимые преобразования, как указано в образце.

Example: «If she knew my address she’d come to see me», she said –

She said that if she knew her address she’d come to see her.

1. «If you left me I’d die from grief», the girl said.

2. «If she were feeling well she would be with me», Robert said.

3. «You wouldn’t be frank with me if I didn’t keep secrets», Helen told me.

4. «If we knew French we’d read French books only in the original», the students said.

5. «If he sent off the wire today they would get it tomorrow morning», she told her friend.

6. «If there were vegetables at home I should cook some salad», Mother said.

7. «Papa would be angry if you weren’t a brave boy», Granny told Fitus.

Exercise 9 Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Что бы вы сказали, если бы я пригласил его провести с нами субботу и воскресенье?

2. Какое лекарство вы бы порекомендовали, если у мальчика заболит горло?

3. Если бы я умела хорошо играть на рояле, я бы сыграла для вас.

4. Мальчик не дрожал бы, если бы ему не было холодно. Дайте ему чашку горячего чая.

5. Мы бы с удовольствием посидели еще часок, если бы не было так поздно.

6. Если бы вы регулярно принимали лекарства, которые пописал врач, вы бы чувствовали себя теперь гораздо лучше.

7. Если бы мы начали работать рано утром, мы бы уже все закончили.

8. На вашем месте я бы с ними не спорила.

9. Знай мы это тогда, мы бы приняли меры.

10. Если бы все было в порядке, он бы не выглядел таким озабоченным.

11. Я бы давно это сделала, если бы знала что это так важно.

12. Если бы ты последовал моему совету, все было бы теперь в порядке.

13. Если бы вы не отказались от его предложения, мы бы уехали все вместе, а не сидели бы здесь одни.

14. Вы бы сэкономили время, если бы поехали поездом, а не пароходом.

15. Я бы давно ответила на твой вопрос, если бы могла.

16. Если бы вы мне позвонили, я бы зашел вчера.

17. На вашем месте я бы не пошел туда без приглашения.

Exercise 10. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. You were very kind to this foreigner, Dick. I wish that we could see him.

2. Dora wished she had got her book out of the train started.

3. I wished I had thought of it before. It's a good idea.

4. He nodded his head to her. He wished she hadn't seen him.

5. It was a beautiful idea. I wished I had thought of it myself.

6. I wish I could feel sure about it.

7. Don't you wish you had come earlier?

8. If only father were alive!

9. If only it were true!

10. If only I could believe that!

11. If only he had told you the whole story!

12. If only she were with us!

13. If only I hadn't mentioned his name! How foolish of me!

Exercise 11. Раскройте скобки, употребляя нужную форму глагола.

1. I don't know how to address him. I wish I (to know) his name.

2. My wife says she wishes I (to be) a thousand miles away.

3. At that moment she wished she (not to send) for him.

4. I wish I never (to see) her.

5. "How I wish I (to be) there with you," I said with deep regret.

6. I wish he (to be) a bit stronger against Crawford.

7. I wish she (not to look) so pale.

8. I wish you (to show) more sign of not liking it in practice.

9. I wish I (can) play tennis as well as you do.

Exercise 12. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. I shouldn't worry now in your place. Everything will clear up very soon, I'm sure.

2. It wouldn't have astonished me if he had found some reasonable excuse and stayed away.

3. But even if you were right I should prefer to act in my own way.

4. But for my help he would have failed at the final exam.

5. It seems to me that what she refused then she would be glad to get now.

6. He asked me one or two questions and it wouldn't have been decent manners not to reply.

7. A few years before he would not have said so of her.

8. Come along, it would do you more harm to stay by yourself.

9. But for the bees we should have no honey.

10. She even didn't want to look in my direction; or else I'd have come up and apologized.

11. He was in great hurry and had no time to think it over. Otherwise he would have found a better way out

12. I myself shouldn't agree to that.

13. They would all be glad to see you.

14. You never did anything good to anyone. If you had done you would have more support now.

Exercise 13. Закончите предложения, используя выражения данные в скобках.

1. We wish all of us … (pass the exams successfully).

2. Did you wish you … (take part in the last conference)?

3. Sometimes he wished he … (choose another topic for his graduate work).

4. How I wish that you … (take interest in the subject).

5. My mother always wished I … (be a teacher).

6. The students wished Professor N. … (deliver them lectures on the history of the language)

7. I wish you … (work hard at English).

8. My friend wishes he … (be responsible for these lectures).

9. How we wish we … (have courses in literature).

10. The speaker wished that the students … (pay more attention to those important facts).

Exercise 14. Переведите предложения на английский. Используйте два варианта перевода, как указано в образце.

Example: Хорошо бы побывать в этих местах снова.

I wish I could visit these parts again.

If only I could visit these parts again.

1. Хорошо бы сейчас была зима.

2. Хорошо бы на земле не было никаких болезней.

3. Хорошо бы посмотреть этот фильм.

4. Хорошо бы побывать на других планетах.

5. Хорошо бы объездить весь мир.

6. Хорошо бы знать больше иностранных языков.

7. Хорошо бы понимать язык всех зверей.

8. Хорошо бы всегда было лето.

9. Хорошо бы отдыхать летом на юге.

10. Хорошо бы прочитать эту книгу.

Exercise 15. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление сослагательного наклонения.

1. Было бы полезно посоветоваться с врачом.

2. Было бы интересно выяснить кто из нас прав: ты или я.

3. Было бы приятно искупаться в такую жаркую погоду.

4. Было бы важно узнать его мнение по этому вопросу.

5. Вам было бы очень полезно заняться спортом.

6. Мы бы охотно вам помогли, но мы очень заняты сегодня.

7. В прошлое воскресенье лил дождь, иначе мы поехали бы за город.

8. Если бы ты вчера оделась потеплее, ты бы сегодня не кашляла.

9. Как бы вы ответили на этот вопрос?

10. Что бы вы сделали на моем месте?

11. Как жаль, что он уехал.

12. Как жаль, что не сестра мне, я бы ее очень любила.

13. Как жаль, что сегодня не воскресенье, я бы сводила детей в зоопарк.

14. Мы пожалели, что оставили его там одного.

15. Обидно, что вы мне не верите. Я никогда не обманывал вас.

16. Он пожалел, что ушел рано.

17. Даже если бы мы получили телеграмму вчера, все равно было бы слишком поздно.

18. Даже если бы я была очень занята, я бы нашла время навестить ее в больнице.

19. Если бы только он не был таким ленивым!

20. Если бы только я была уверенна в этом!