Notes to the texts:
cork – кора пробкового дерева
tissue
– тканина
bark – кора
honeycomb
–
медові
стільники
IX. Look through the text and decide whether the following sentences are true or false:
1. A tiny size is a basic feature of all cells.
2. Robert Hooke was the first who examined cells.
3. The first attempt to state the cell theory was in the 18th century.
4. According to the modern version of the cell theory cells exist not in all organisms.
5. Tissues are the place where metabolism and heredity take place.
6. Nowadays cells appear voluntarily.
X. Put as many questions as possible to the text and be ready to answer them.
XI. Compose short dialogues for the following imaginary situations:
1. Your younger sister comes up to you and asks what a cell is. Explain her what it is.
2. Ask your friend if there is any difference between a green plant cell and an animal cell, and between a cell membrane and a cell wall. Discuss his/her answer.
3. Your friend says that the words “protoplasm” and “cytoplasm” are synonyms. Explain the difference and prove that.
Grammar exercises
I. Write the plural form of the following nouns. Translate them:
child, goose, wolf, phenomenon, fish, man, mouse, loaf, leaf, family, dress, tooth, fly, shelf, woman, tomato, match, glass, bush, nucleus.
II. Write the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives. Translate them:
hot, expensive, deep, dirty, interesting, wet, brave, good, beautiful, thin, talented, busy, bad, pale, important, difficult, big, sharp, fat, heavy.
III. Complete the sentences using the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives given in brackets:
1. — Boris is certainly (clever) than his brother. — Yes, and he is (attractive) than his brother Peter. In fact, he is (smart) boy I’ve ever taught. 2. Nothing could be (extravagant) than buying such an expensive car. You will have to be (careful) with your money in future. 3. Life is getting (hard) and (complicated) with every passing day. 4. It is (effective) method of all, but it is naturally costly. 5. Stephen is (intelligent) than any other boy in his group. 6. It has been (cold) day in Moscow for thirty years. 7. It’s (little) I can do for you, I’m afraid. 8. That was (bad) than he had expected. 9. That was indeed (bad) experience in his career. 10. They naively think that things can only get (good). 11. This is (unbelievable) news I have ever heard. 12. He ate (few) French fries than you did at the picnic. 13. Angela is (little) organized than Mike. 14. If you ask me, Moscow is (beautiful) than any other city in the world. 15. They had (little) and (little) to talk about. 16. It is axiomatic that (great) the student’s individual effort, (much) thorough will be his learning. 17. The (much) original a discovery, the (much) obvious it seems afterwards.
IV. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian bearing in mind the various meanings of the words in italics:
1. The finer is the soil, the easier will the roots penetrate into it. 2. The longer the days, the shorter the nights. 3. The more scientists learn about protoplasm, the more interesting is its further investigation. 4. The longer the man lives, the more he learns. 5. The nearer the temperature approaches the freezing point of water, the less biological activities will take place in the soil. 6. The more you read, the better. 7. The sooner we learn it, the better it will be for us.