II. Make nouns with the help of suffixes -ist, -ian and translate them into Ukrainian:

special, social, art, capital, economy, botany, Italy, science, physics, technic, mathematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, India.

PRE-TEXT EXERCISES:

I. Read and memorize the following words:

science

наука

branch

галузь

discovery

difference

відкриття

відмінність

to divide

likeness

розділяти

схожість

important

property

важливий

властивість

resemblance

unit

подібність

одиниця

certain

manner

певний

спосіб

vital

respiration

життєвий

дихання

digestion

growth

травлення

ріст

assimilation

reproduction

асиміляція

розмноження

moderate

heat

помірний

тепло

amount

external

кількість

зовнішній

size

розмір

shape

форма

structure

namely

conscious

структура

а саме

свідомий

function

chemical

although

функція

хімічний

хоча

II. Read the text below using a dictionary where necessary: biology

Biology is the science of life. People who study the secrets of living organisms are called biologists. Their discoveries are of great value to all mankind.

Biology is the study of living things. When we study them, we learn the relations of plants and animals to one another, with the world about them and how we can control them. We can divide biology into two branches – botany and zoology. Both animal and plant life have great differences and likenesses between them.

T heir important points of resemblance are: 1) Protoplasm is the basic material of all living systems and its general properties are fundamentally the same in each system both in plants and animals. 2) The living matter is organized in both plants and animals into microscopic units called cells. 3) Certain vital processes take place in plant bodies in the same manner as in animal bodies. These processes are respiration, digestion, assimilation, growth and reproduction. 4) They both cannot live without water, air, food, light and moderate amount of heat.

In external appearance, plants are usually green. Some plants have varied and colourful flowers and others have no apparent blossoms. Among animals there is a great variety of sizes, shapes and colours. The basic difference between plants and animals lies in the unit of structure and function of each, namely, the cell. Plant cells have a cell wall which is actually non-living in chemical nature. Animal cells do not have this.

In fact, the differences are not so many as the likenesses, although they are more apparent. There are three important differences, namely: 1) plants are not conscious; 2) they are unable to move about; 3) they make their own food.

Notes to the texts:

to be of great value – мати велику цінність

both … and – як …, так і …

a great variety of – велика кількість

III. Answer the following questions to check how carefully you have read the text:

1. What is biology? 2. How do we call people who study the secrets of living organisms? 3. What do we find out when we study living thinks? 4. How many branches are there in biology? What are they? 5. What vital processes take place in plant and animal bodies? 6. What is the basic difference between plants and animals? 7. Are plants or animals conscious?