- •English for students of biological departments Навчально-методичний посібник
- •Content
- •Unit 1. Biology
- •Wordbuilding
- •I. Make nouns from the following verbs and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •II. Make nouns with the help of suffixes -ist, -ian and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words:
- •II. Read the text below using a dictionary where necessary: biology
- •Notes to the texts:
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •V. Retell the text “Biology” using the questions after it as a plan.
- •VI. Read the text using a dictionary and tell your partner what branch you are interested in and why: The Main Branches of Biology
- •VII. Compose short dialogues for the following imaginary situations:
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Complete the sentences using a positive, negative or question form of the verb to be:
- •II. Open the brackets. Translate the sentences:
- •III. Choose the right answer. Translate the sentences:
- •IV. Ask questions to the words in italics:
- •V. Make sentences; choose the correct form of the verb to have got:
- •VI. Translate the sentences; mind the Possessive Case of the Nouns:
- •VII. Replace the of-phrase by the noun in the possessive case:
- •Unit 2. The cell
- •Wordbuilding
- •I. Make adjectives from the following verbs and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •II. Make adjectives with the help of suffixes -ful, -less and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Read the following biological terms and international words. Translate them without a dictionary paying attention to the part of speech:
- •III. Pay attention to the formation of some plurals of Latin and Greek origin:
- •IV. Read the text below using a dictionary where necessary: The Cell
- •Notes to the texts:
- •V. Answer the following questions to check how carefully you have read the text:
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •V. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
- •VI. Translate the following text into English using the words from the text:
- •VII. Retell the text “The Cell” using the questions after it as a plan.
- •VIII. Read the text using a dictionary and speak on it: The Cell Theory
- •Notes to the texts:
- •IX. Look through the text and decide whether the following sentences are true or false:
- •X. Put as many questions as possible to the text and be ready to answer them.
- •XI. Compose short dialogues for the following imaginary situations:
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Write the plural form of the following nouns. Translate them:
- •II. Write the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives. Translate them:
- •III. Complete the sentences using the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives given in brackets:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian bearing in mind the various meanings of the words in italics:
- •V. Insert (a) few, (a) little:
- •VI. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative:
- •VII. Open the brackets using the Indefinite Tenses. Translate the sentences:
- •Unit 3. The molecular diversity of life
- •Wordbuilding
- •I. Make verbs from the following nouns. Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •II. Read the following words paying attention to the stress. Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •III. Say what verbs were these words made from. Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Read the following biological terms. Translate them without a dictionary paying attention to the part of speech:
- •III. Read the text below using a dictionary where necessary: Molecules of Life
- •Notes to the texts:
- •IV. Answer the following questions to check how carefully you have read the text:
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •VI. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
- •VII. Translate the following text into English using the words from the text:
- •VIII. Retell the text “Molecules of Life” using the questions after it as a plan.
- •IX. Read the text using a dictionary and speak on it: Amino Acids
- •Notes to the texts:
- •X. Look through the text and decide whether the following sentences are true or false:
- •XI. Put as many questions as possible to the text and be ready to answer them.
- •XII. Compose short dialogues for the following imaginary situations:
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Use the necessary form of the indefinite article (a or an):
- •II. Insert the right article:
- •III. Insert the right article paying attention to proper names:
- •IV. Insert some or any where necessary:
- •V. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative:
- •VII. Use one or ones instead of the nouns in italics where possible:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences, mind the verbs in the Continuous Tenses:
- •Unit 4. Chemicals of life
- •Wordbuilding
- •I. Make adverbs from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •II. Make nouns from the following verbs with the help of suffix -ment and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Read the following biological terms. Translate them without a dictionary paying attention to the part of speech:
- •III. Read the text below using a dictionary where necessary: Enzymes
- •Notes to the texts:
- •IV. Answer the following questions to check how carefully you have read the text:
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •V. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
- •VI. Translate the following text into English using the words from the text:
- •VII. Retell the text “Enzymes” using the questions after it as a plan.
- •VIII. Read the text using a dictionary and speak on it: Minerals and Vitamins
- •Notes to the texts:
- •IX. Look through the text and decide whether the following sentences are true or false:
- •X. Put as many questions as possible to the text and be ready to answer them.
- •XI. Compose short dialogues for the following imaginary situations:
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Open the brackets giving figures in letters:
- •II. Answer the following questions. Write your answers in words:
- •III. Choose the right word (either an adjective or an adverb):
- •IV. Open the brackets paying attention to degrees of comparison of adverbs:
- •V. Translate the sentences, mind the verbs in the Perfect Tenses:
- •VI. Fill in the gaps using since or for:
- •VII. Link part of the sentence in Column a with the correct part in Column b bearing in mind the meaning of the sentence:
- •VIII. Finish the following situations using Past Perfect:
- •Unit 5. Cromosomes and genes
- •Wordbuilding
- •I. Translate into Ukrainian, mind pronunciation of the suffixes:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations.
- •II. Read the following biological terms and international words. Translate them without a dictionary paying attention to the part of speech:
- •III. Read the text below using a dictionary where necessary: What Are Genes, dna and Chromosomes? Understanding the Basics of Genetic Disorders
- •IV. Answer the following questions to check how carefully you have read the text:
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •III. Make up the questions to the underlined words:
- •IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give your reasons:
- •V. Translate the following text into English using the words from the text:
- •VI. Retell text a using the questions after it as a plan.
- •VII. Read the text using a dictionary and speak on it:
- •Variations in our genetic code
- •Notes to the texts:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions to check how carefully you have read the text:
- •IX. Complete the following to make suitable sentences according to the text:
- •X. Put the words in the right order to make a sentence:
- •XI. Put as many questions as possible to the sentences of the previous exercise and be ready to answer them.
- •XII. Compose short dialogues for the following imaginary situations:
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice:
- •II. Form Questions in Passive using the given words/phrases:
- •III. Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). You must either use Simple Present or Simple Past:
- •IV. Rewrite the sentences. Use the passive voice and keep the same tense:
- •V. Rewrite the sentences in the more natural form of passive voice:
- •VI. Make questions in passive voice to complete the dialogue:
- •VII. Introduce correct passive forms of the verb in Continuous Tenses:
- •VIII. Put the following sentences into passive voice:
- •IX. Make these present perfect sentences passive. You don't need to repeat somebody:
- •X. Rewrite the sentence given in the example in passive voice. Use the correct tense:
- •Unit 6. Mutations
- •Wordbuilding
- •I. Read and translate into Ukrainian:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations.
- •II. Read the following biological terms and international words. Translate them without a dictionary paying attention to the part of speech:
- •III. Read the text below using a dictionary where necessary: What is a gene mutation and how do mutations occur?
- •IV. Answer the following questions to check how carefully you have read the text:
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •VI. Look through the text and decide whether the following sentences are true or false:
- •VII. Translate the following text into English using the words from the text:
- •VIII. Read the text using a dictionary and speak on it: Chromosomal Mutation
- •Notes to the texts:
- •IX. Put questions to the following statements:
- •Grammar exercises
- •II. Join the sentences and use the words in brackets:
- •III. Complete the sentences:
- •IV. Choose the correct ending:
- •V. Rewrite the complete sentences with who, which or whose. Which of these words do we use for: people? things/animals? objects to show posession?|
- •Unit 7. Mutations and environment
- •Wordbuilding
- •I. Form new words with the help of the following suffixes and prefixes, translate into Ukrainian:
- •II. Form new words with the help of word building components, translate into Ukrainian:
- •III. Choose the correct word for each blank:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Read the following biological terms and international words. Translate them without a dictionary paying attention to the part of speech:
- •III. Read the text below using a dictionary where necessary: Mutagens: How the Environment Affects Mutation Rates
- •IV. Answer the following questions to check how carefully you have read the text:
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Complete the following to make suitable sentences according to the text:
- •II. Give the Ukrainian for:
- •VII. Match the word (1-8) and its definition (a-h):
- •VIII. Translate the following text into English using the words from the text:
- •IX. Read the text using a dictionary and speak on it: Mutagenesis in Amphibian Populations
- •Notes to the texts:
- •X. Make up the questions to the text so that the answers will make up the summary of it.
- •XI. Compose short dialogues for the following imaginary situations:
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Translate into Ukrainian, mind the rules of sequence of tenses:
- •II. Rewrite the following sentences transforming the main clause to the Past Simple, translate them into Ukrainian:
- •III. Write the sentences using the correct form of the verb, translate them into Ukrainian:
- •IV. Make compound sentences using the sentences in parentheses as main clauses. Mind sequence of tenses rules:
- •V. Test your grammar. Mind sequence of tenses rules:
- •VI. Complete the sentences:
- •VII. Make reported questions. Start each answer with “She asked me”:
- •VIII. Make reported questions. Start your answer with “She asked me”:
- •IX. Read the dialogue and report it:
- •X. Make reported requests or orders. Start each sentence with 'she asked me' or 'she told me'. It's the same day, so you don't need to change the time expressions:
- •XI. Test your grammar:
- •Texts for supplementary reading All Living Things Share Key Characteristics
- •Theories about the Origin of Cells
- •Dna Fingerprinting
- •Behaviour Genetics and Methods of its Strudy
- •Adult Stem Cells
- •Epigenetics
- •Genetic Engineering
- •What Causes Cancer?
- •Thomas Hunt Morgan and his Work on Drosophila
- •Early Cloning Experiments
- •Ethical Controversies of Cloning
- •Genetically Modified Organisms
- •Grammar reference guide артикль (the article)
- •Іменник (the noun)
- •Прийменник (the preposition)
- •Займенник (the pronoun)
- •Прикметник (the adjective)
- •Числівник (the numeral)
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Дієслово (the verb)
- •Теперішній неозначений час (the present indefinite tense)
- •Минулий неозначений час (the past indefinite tense)
- •Майбутній неозначений час (the future indefinite tense)
- •Теперішній тривалий час (the present continuous tense)
- •Минулий тривалий час (the past continuous tense)
- •Майбутній тривалий час (the future continuous tense)
- •Перфектні часи (perfect tenses)
- •Теперішній перфектний час (the present perfect tense)
- •Минулий перфектний час (the past perfect tense)
- •Майбутній перфектний час (the future perfect tense)
- •Пасивний стан дієслова (passive voice)
- •Узгодження часів (sequence of tenses)
- •Irregular verbs
- •Glossary
- •English for students of biological department
- •61077, М. Харків, майдан Свободи, 4
Irregular verbs
Неозначена форма (Infinitive) |
Просте минуле (Past Simple) |
Дієприкметник II (Past Participle) |
Переклад на український |
arise [ə'raiz] |
arose [ə'rəuz] |
arisen [ə'riz(ə)n] |
з’являтися, піднімати(ся) |
awake [ə'weik] |
awoke [ə'wəuk] |
awoken [ə'wəukən] |
будити |
be [bi:] |
was [wɔz], were [wз:] |
been [bi:n] |
бути |
bear [bɛə] |
bore [bɔ:] |
born [bɔ:n] |
нести, народжувати |
beat [bi:t] |
beat [bi:t] |
beaten ['bi:tn] |
бити |
become [bi:kʌm] |
became [bi:keim] |
become[bi:kʌm] |
ставати |
begin [bi'gin] |
began [bi'gæn] |
begun [bi'gʌn] |
починати(ся) |
bend [bend] |
bent [bent] |
bent [bent] |
гнути |
bet [bet] |
bet [bet] |
bet [bet] |
закладатися |
bind [baind] |
bound [baund] |
bound [baund] |
зв’язувати |
bite [bait] |
bit [bit] |
bitten ['bitn] |
кусати |
bleed [bli:d] |
bled [bled] |
bled [bled] |
сходити кров’ю |
blow [blou] |
blew [blu:] |
blown [bloun] |
дути |
break [breik] |
broke [brouk] |
broken ['brouk(e)n] |
ламати |
breed [bri:d] |
bred [bred] |
bred [bred] |
вирощувати |
bring [briŋ] |
brought [brɔ:t] |
brought [brɔ:t] |
приносити |
broadcast ['brɔ:dka:st] |
broadcast ['brɔ:dka:st] |
broadcast ['brɔ:dka:st] |
віщати, передавати по радіо / ТБ |
build [bild] |
built [bilt] |
built [bilt] |
будувати |
burn [bз:n] |
burnt [bз:nt] |
burnt [bз:nt] |
горіти, палити |
burst [bз:st] |
burst [bз:st] |
burst [bз:st] |
вибухати |
buy [bai] |
bought [bɔ:t] |
bought [bɔ:t] |
купувати |
catch [kætʃ] |
caught [kɔ:t] |
caught [kɔ:t] |
ловити, встигати |
choose [tʃu:z] |
chose [ʃəuz] |
chosen [tʃəuz(ə)n] |
вибирати |
come [kʌm] |
came [keim] |
come [kʌm] |
приходити |
cost [cɔst] |
cost [cɔst] |
cost [cɔst] |
коштувати |
creep [kri:p] |
crept [krept] |
crept [krept] |
повзти |
cut [kʌt] |
cut [kʌt] |
cut [kʌt] |
різати |
do [du:] |
did [did] |
done [dʌn] |
робити, виконувати |
draw [drɔ:] |
drew [dru:] |
drawn [drɔ:n] |
малювати, звертати (увагу) |
dream [dri:m] |
dreamt [dremt] |
dreamt [dremt] |
мріяти, снитися |
drink [driŋk] |
drank [dræŋk] |
drunk [drʌŋk] |
пити |
drive [draiv] |
drove [drouv] |
driven ['drivn] |
керувати авто |
eat [i:t] |
ate [et] |
eaten ['i:tn] |
їсти |
fall [fɔ:l] |
fell [fel] |
fallen ['fɔ:lən] |
падати |
feed [fi:d] |
fed [fed] |
fed [fed] |
годувати |
feel [fi:l] |
felt [felt] |
felt [felt] |
почувати (ceбе) |
fight [fait] |
fought [fɔ:t] |
fought [fɔ:t] |
битися, боротися |
find [faind] |
found [faund] |
found [faund] |
знаходити |
fly [flai] |
flew [flu:] |
flown [floun] |
літати |
forget [fə'get] |
forgot [fə'gɔt] |
forgotten [fə'gɔt(ə)n] |
забувати |
forgive [fo'giv] |
forgave [fo'geiv] |
forgiven [fo'givn] |
пробачати |
freeze [fri:z] |
froze [frouz] |
frozen ['frouzn] |
замерзати |
get [get] |
got [gɔt] |
got [gɔt] |
отримувати, розуміти, добиратися |
give [giv] |
gave [geiv] |
given [givn] |
давати |
go [gou] |
went [went] |
gone [gɔn] |
іти, їхати |
grow [grou] |
grew [gru:] |
grown [groun] |
виростити |
hang [hæŋ] |
hung [hʌŋ] |
hung [hʌŋ] |
висіти |
have [hæv] |
had [hæd] |
had [hæd] |
мати (щось) |
hear [hiə] |
heard [hз:d] |
heard [hз:d] |
чути |
hide [haid] |
hid [hid] |
hidden ['hidn] |
ховатися |
hit [hit] |
hit [hit] |
hit [hit] |
ударяти |
hold [hould] |
held [held] |
held [held] |
тримати |
hurt [hз:t] |
hurt [hз:t] |
hurt [hз:t] |
ранити, травмувати |
keep [ki:p] |
kept [kept] |
kept [kept] |
тримати, зберігати |
know [nou] |
knew [nju:] |
known [noun] |
знати |
lay [lei] |
laid [leid] |
laid [leid] |
класти |
lead [li:d] |
led [led] |
led [led] |
вести за собою |
learn [lз:n] |
learnt [lз:nt] |
learnt [lз:nt] |
вчити(ся) |
leave [li:v] |
left [left] |
left [left] |
залишати, покидати |
lend [lend] |
lent [lent] |
lent [lent] |
позичати |
let [let] |
let [let] |
let [let] |
дозволяти |
lie [lai] |
lay [lei] |
lain [lein] |
лежати |
light [lait] |
lit [lit] |
lit [lit] |
світити |
lose [lu:z] |
lost [lɔst] |
lost [lɔst] |
втрачати |
make [meik] |
made [meid] |
made [meid] |
робити |
mean [mi:n] |
meant [ment] |
meant [ment] |
означати |
meet [mi:t] |
met [met] |
met [met] |
зустрічати |
mistake [mis'teik] |
mistook [mis'tuk] |
mistaken [mis'teik(e)n] |
помилятися |
pay [pei] |
paid [peid] |
paid [peid] |
платити |
prove [pru:v] |
proved [pru:vd] |
proven [pru:vn] |
доводити |
put [put] |
put [put] |
put [put] |
класти |
read [ri:d] |
read [red] |
read [red] |
читати |
ride [raid] |
rode [roud] |
ridden ['ridn] |
кататися |
ring [riŋ] |
rang [ræŋ] |
rung [rʌŋ] |
підніматися |
rise [raiz] |
rose [rouz] |
risen ['rizn] |
піднімати(ся) |
run [rʌŋ] |
ran [ræŋ] |
run [rʌŋ] |
бігти |
say [sei] |
said [sed] |
said [sed] |
сказати |
see [si:] |
saw [sɔ:] |
seen [si:n] |
бачити |
seek [si:k] |
sought [sɔ:t] |
sought [sɔ:t] |
шукати |
sell [sel] |
sold [sould] |
sold [sould] |
продавати |
send [send] |
sent [sent] |
sent [sent] |
посилати |
set [set] |
set [set] |
set [set] |
встановити |
shake [ʃeik] |
shook [ʃuk] |
shaken ['ʃeik(ə)n] |
трясти |
show [ʃəu] |
showed [ʃəud] |
shown [ʃəun] |
показувати |
shrink [ʃriŋk] |
shrank [ʃræŋk] |
shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] |
зменьшувати |
shut [ʃʌt] |
shut [ʃʌt] |
shut [ʃʌt] |
закривати |
sing [siŋ] |
sang [sæŋ] |
sung [sʌŋ] |
співати |
sink [siŋk] |
sank [sæŋk], sunk [sʌŋk] |
sunk [sʌŋk] |
потонути |
sit [sit] |
sat [sæt] |
sat [sæt] |
сидіти |
sleep [sli:p] |
slept [slept] |
slept [slept] |
спати |
speak [spi:k] |
spoke [spouk] |
spoken ['spouk(e)n] |
говорити, розмовляти |
spell [spel] |
spelt [spelt] |
spelt [spelt] |
вимовляти по буквам |
spend [spend] |
spent [spent] |
spent [spent] |
тратити, проводити (час) |
spill [spil] |
spilt [spilt] |
spilt [spilt] |
розливати |
spoil [spɔil] |
spoilt [spɔilt] |
spoilt [spɔilt] |
псувати |
spread [spred] |
spread [spred] |
spread [spred] |
поширювати |
spring [spriŋ] |
sprang [spræŋ] |
sprung [sprʌŋ] |
стрибати |
stand [stænd] |
stood [stu:d] |
stood [stu:d] |
стояти |
steal [sti:l] |
stole [stoul] |
stolen ['stəulən] |
красти |
stick [stik] |
stuck [stʌk] |
stuck [stʌk] |
приклеювати |
sting [stiŋ] |
stung [stʌŋ] |
stung [stʌŋ] |
жалити |
sweep [swi:p] |
swept [swept] |
swept [swept] |
підмітати |
swim [swim] |
swam [swem] |
swum [swʌm] |
плавати |
swing [swiŋ] |
swung [swʌŋ] |
swung [swʌŋ] |
гойдатися |
take [teik] |
took [tuk] |
taken ['teik(ə)n] |
брати |
teach [ti:tʃ] |
taught [tɔ:t] |
taught [tɔ:t] |
навчати |
tear [tɛə] |
tore [tɔ:] |
torn [tɔ:n] |
рвати на шматки |
tell [tel] |
told [tould] |
told [tould] |
розповідати |
think [θiŋk] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
думати |
throw [θrəu] |
threw [θru:] |
thrown [θrəun] |
кидати |
understand [ʌndə'stænd] |
understood [ʌndə'stud] |
understood [ʌndə'stud] |
розуміти |
wake [weik] |
woke [wouk] |
woken ['wouk(e)n] |
прокидатися |
wear [wɛə] |
wore [wɔ:] |
worn [wɔ:n] |
носити, одягатися |
weep [wi:p] |
wept [wept] |
wept [wept] |
плакати |
wet [wet] |
wet [wet] |
wet [wet] |
мочити |
win [win] |
won [wʌn] |
won [wʌn] |
перемагати, вигравати |
wind [waind] |
wound [waund] |
wound [waund] |
заводити |
write [rait] |
wrote [rout] |
written ['ritn] |
писати |
