- •Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Translation
- •Translation as a Notion, Subject and Object of Linguistic Studies
- •2. Significance of Translation
- •Methods of Translation
- •4. Kinds of Translation
- •Self-assessment test
- •Peculiarities of Rendering English Tenses and Passive Voice Constructions
- •1. The peculiarities of rendering the Present Simple tense in Ukrainian.
- •2. The Present Perfect and Perfect-Continuous tenses, the peculiarities of their translation.
- •3. English passive voice constructions, the general notion.
- •4. Transformations in rendering the meaning of English passive voice constructions in Ukrainian.
- •5. English passive voice constructions with a prepositional object, their rendering in Ukrainian.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Realization of the Contextual Meaning of the Article
- •The Article. The general notion.
- •Factors that influence the translation of articles. The influence of origin on translation.
- •3. The lexico-grammatical meaning of the article, its influence on translation.
- •5. Realization of contextual meaning of the definite article.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of the Infinitive and its Constructions
- •The Infinitive, the general notion
- •The ways of translating a single infinitive and infinitive phrases. The use of direct translation.
- •3. The ways of translating a single infinitive. The use of clauses in translation.
- •4. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.
- •5. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •6. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Prepositional Infinitive Construction
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of the Gerund and Its Constructions
- •The gerund, the general notion.
- •2. Ways of translating a single gerund.
- •3. Peculiarities of translating the gerund as an adverbial modifier
- •4. Ways of rendering gerundial constructions.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Translating the Participle and Participial Constructions
- •Ways of Rendering the Single Participle and Participial Phrases
- •The Objective Participial Construction
- •3. The Subjective Participial Construction.
- •The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •The Nominative Absolute and the Prepositional Absolute Constructions
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of English Modal Verbs and Modal Expressions
- •1. Modality as an extralinguistic category. Ways of expressing modality.
- •2. Phonological ways of expressing modality.
- •3. Lexical means of expressing modality.
- •Lexico-grammatical means of expressing modality.
- •5. Grammatical modality.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Rendering the Forms of the Subjunctive Mood
- •Forms of the Subjunctive mood, the general notion
- •2. General approaches to the translation of the forms of the Subjunctive mood
- •3.Peculiarities of translating object clauses with the Subjunctive mood
- •4. Ways of translating clauses with should
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •The Forms of the Subjunctive Mood and the Ways of Their Rendering in Ukrainian
- •Texts for translation
- •L.Carroll Alice in Wonderland
- •W. S. Maugham Foinet's Advice
- •F. R. Barratt The Sad Story of a Lost Memory
- •Additional exercises
- •What a Language!
- •Questions for the examination
- •References
5. Realization of contextual meaning of the definite article.
The definite article can be rendered by:
1. the demonstrative pronoun ЦЕЙ (ЦЯ,ЦЕ, ЦІ)
What his sister has seen in the man was beyond him. |
Що його сестра знайшла у цьому чоловікові, він не міг збагнути. |
2. the demonstrative pronoun САМИЙ (ТОЙ САМИЙ)
Prime Minister’s dismissal had been rumoured from the date of his appointment. |
Чутки про зняття прем’єр-міністра поширювались від самого початку його призначення. |
3. the demonstrative pronoun ТАКИЙ (ТОЙ, ТА, ТЕ, ТІ)
But surely Ruth didn’t understand it. How could she, living the refined life she did? |
Рут навряд чи розуміла цей твір. Та і як вона могла зрозуміти, живучи таким витонченим, як у неї, життям? |
4. the possessive pronoun ЙОГО (ЇЇ, СВІЙ)
The room was situated on the ground floor. |
Його кімната була на першому поверсі. |
5.the identifying pronoun ВЕСЬ (ВСЯ, ВСЕ, ЦІЛИЙ)
The romance and the beauty, and high vigour of the books were coming true |
Вся романтика і краса, всі високі поривання, про які він читав у книгах, виявились правдою. |
6. the relative pronoun ЯКИЙ (ЯКА, ЯКЕ, ЯКІ)
She didn’t know the actual fire of love. |
Вона не знала, яке то справжнє полум’я кохання. |
7. the indefinite pronoun якийсь (ЯКАСЬ, ЯКЕСЬ), ПЕВНИЙ
For the moment the great gulf that separated them then was bridged. He was played by the low comedian, who had introduced gags of his own… |
На якусь мить через велику безодню, що розділяла їх, був наведений міст. Його роль виконував такий собі комік зі своїми вибриками... |
8. the identifying pronoun САМ, САМ СОБОЮ, ІНШИЙ, ІНША
The toil meant nothing to him. |
Сама собою праця нічого не важила для нього. |
9. the adjective or participle
Martin didn’t go to hunt for a job in the morning. |
Мартін не пішов наступного ранку шукати роботу. |
10. a particle which emphasizes the attributive pronoun or numeral
But the story was grand just the same, perfectly grand. The next afternoon, accompanied by Arthur, she arrived in the Morses carriage. |
А так це оповідання – чудове, ну просто чудове. На другий же день в супроводі Артура вона приїхала до нього в кареті Морзів. |
Self-assessment test
1. The article is
a) a structural part of speech
b) a notional part of speech
c) an auxiliary part of speech
2. The article is used with
a) a noun
b) a pronoun
c) an adjective
3.The Indefinite article
a) identifies nouns
b) shows their order
c) classifies nouns
4. When the article is lexicalized, it can be translated by
a) a noun
b) a pronoun
c) an adverb
5. The Indefinite article is derived from
a) a noun
b) an adjective
c) a numeral
6. The definite article is derived from
a) a numeral
b) an adjective
c) a pronoun
7. Which article is never used with geographical names?
a) the Indefinite article
b) the Definite article
c) the Zero article
8. Which article is always implied by the use of the particularizing attribute?
a) the Indefinite article
b) the Definite article
c) the Zero article
9. Which is the main factor that influences the translation of the article?
a) the origin of the article
b) the lexico-grammatical meaning of the article
c) the contextual environment
10. Which article can be translated into Ukrainian 'справжній, солідний'?
a) the Indefinite article
b) the Definite article
c) the Zero article