- •Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Translation
- •Translation as a Notion, Subject and Object of Linguistic Studies
- •2. Significance of Translation
- •Methods of Translation
- •4. Kinds of Translation
- •Self-assessment test
- •Peculiarities of Rendering English Tenses and Passive Voice Constructions
- •1. The peculiarities of rendering the Present Simple tense in Ukrainian.
- •2. The Present Perfect and Perfect-Continuous tenses, the peculiarities of their translation.
- •3. English passive voice constructions, the general notion.
- •4. Transformations in rendering the meaning of English passive voice constructions in Ukrainian.
- •5. English passive voice constructions with a prepositional object, their rendering in Ukrainian.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Realization of the Contextual Meaning of the Article
- •The Article. The general notion.
- •Factors that influence the translation of articles. The influence of origin on translation.
- •3. The lexico-grammatical meaning of the article, its influence on translation.
- •5. Realization of contextual meaning of the definite article.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of the Infinitive and its Constructions
- •The Infinitive, the general notion
- •The ways of translating a single infinitive and infinitive phrases. The use of direct translation.
- •3. The ways of translating a single infinitive. The use of clauses in translation.
- •4. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.
- •5. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •6. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Prepositional Infinitive Construction
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of the Gerund and Its Constructions
- •The gerund, the general notion.
- •2. Ways of translating a single gerund.
- •3. Peculiarities of translating the gerund as an adverbial modifier
- •4. Ways of rendering gerundial constructions.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Translating the Participle and Participial Constructions
- •Ways of Rendering the Single Participle and Participial Phrases
- •The Objective Participial Construction
- •3. The Subjective Participial Construction.
- •The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •The Nominative Absolute and the Prepositional Absolute Constructions
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of English Modal Verbs and Modal Expressions
- •1. Modality as an extralinguistic category. Ways of expressing modality.
- •2. Phonological ways of expressing modality.
- •3. Lexical means of expressing modality.
- •Lexico-grammatical means of expressing modality.
- •5. Grammatical modality.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Rendering the Forms of the Subjunctive Mood
- •Forms of the Subjunctive mood, the general notion
- •2. General approaches to the translation of the forms of the Subjunctive mood
- •3.Peculiarities of translating object clauses with the Subjunctive mood
- •4. Ways of translating clauses with should
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •The Forms of the Subjunctive Mood and the Ways of Their Rendering in Ukrainian
- •Texts for translation
- •L.Carroll Alice in Wonderland
- •W. S. Maugham Foinet's Advice
- •F. R. Barratt The Sad Story of a Lost Memory
- •Additional exercises
- •What a Language!
- •Questions for the examination
- •References
Self-assessment test
1. The Subjunctive mood presents an action as
a) a non-fact
b) a real fact
c) a command
2. The number of forms of the Subjunctive mood in Modern English is
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
3. The verbs TO SUGGEST, TO INSIST, TO ORDER, etc are used to introduce
a) a subject clause
b) a predicative clause
c) an object clause
4. The phrases of the type IT'S IMPORTANT (NECESSARY, VITAL, etc) are used
to introduce
a) a subject clause
b) a predicative clause
c) an object clause
5. Link-verbs are usually followed by
a) a subject clause
b) a predicative clause
c) an object clause
6. Object clauses after the predicate TO WISH are usually translated
a) directly
b) descriptively
c) antonymically
7. We use in translation the phrases ЯКЩО РАПТОМ, ЯКЩО ВСЕ-ТАКИ if in the clause of condition we have the Analytical Subjunctive with
a) should
b) would
c) might
8. A hardly probable action is expressed in clauses of condition using the Analytical Subjunctive with
a) should
b) would
c) might
9. Emotional SHOULD is used after
a) neutrally coloured adjectives
b) emotionally coloured adjectives
c) adjectives in the superlative degree
10. SHOULD as a mood auxiliary is used after
a) neutrally coloured adjectives
b) emotionally coloured adjectives
c) adjectives in the superlative degree
Exercises
Exercise 1.
Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the use of the Subjunctive mood. Comment on the type of clause the forms of the Subjunctive mood are used in.
It was as if she had received a physical blow and were rocking on her feet.(Heym)
If I were to die – and I may die soon – it would be dreadful tat you should think mistakenly of me.(Trollope)
I wished he would not always treat me as a child. (Du Maurier)
My only terror was lest my father should follow me (Eliot)
It would be monstrously selfish if I disturbed a state of things which is eminently satisfactory to you both. (Maugham)
Your husband shall be treated exactly as if he were a member of the royal family. (Shaw)
He felt as if something in him were collapsing. (Heym)
No doubt life held many strange secrets. Perhaps it was essential that somebody should investigate them. (Dreiser)
Should I encounter the rascal in the street or a tavern … he would treat me familiarly as though I were his dearest friend. (Lindsay)
Whatever Rose may have been, she is not now a responsible scholar. (Wilson)
Exercise 2.
Translate into English. Mind the use of the Subjunctive mood. Comment on the type of clause the forms of the Subjunctive mood are used in.1.
Як би я хотіла знову побачити їх!
Якби ти сказав мені про це вчора, ми б уже закінчили роботу.
Необхідно, що ви взяли до уваги всі деталі.
Я боюсь, щоб він не відкрив нашу таємницю.
Моя ідея полягає в тому, щоб зробити це все самостійно.
Шкода, що ви не сказали мені про це вчора.
Я наполягаю, щоб ви тримали цю інформацію в таємниці.
Якщо ж раптом він знову з'явиться тут, я дам вам знати.
Запиши її адресу, щоб ти її не забув.
Table 2