- •Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Translation
- •Translation as a Notion, Subject and Object of Linguistic Studies
- •2. Significance of Translation
- •Methods of Translation
- •4. Kinds of Translation
- •Self-assessment test
- •Peculiarities of Rendering English Tenses and Passive Voice Constructions
- •1. The peculiarities of rendering the Present Simple tense in Ukrainian.
- •2. The Present Perfect and Perfect-Continuous tenses, the peculiarities of their translation.
- •3. English passive voice constructions, the general notion.
- •4. Transformations in rendering the meaning of English passive voice constructions in Ukrainian.
- •5. English passive voice constructions with a prepositional object, their rendering in Ukrainian.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Realization of the Contextual Meaning of the Article
- •The Article. The general notion.
- •Factors that influence the translation of articles. The influence of origin on translation.
- •3. The lexico-grammatical meaning of the article, its influence on translation.
- •5. Realization of contextual meaning of the definite article.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of the Infinitive and its Constructions
- •The Infinitive, the general notion
- •The ways of translating a single infinitive and infinitive phrases. The use of direct translation.
- •3. The ways of translating a single infinitive. The use of clauses in translation.
- •4. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.
- •5. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •6. The ways of conveying the meaning of the Prepositional Infinitive Construction
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of the Gerund and Its Constructions
- •The gerund, the general notion.
- •2. Ways of translating a single gerund.
- •3. Peculiarities of translating the gerund as an adverbial modifier
- •4. Ways of rendering gerundial constructions.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Translating the Participle and Participial Constructions
- •Ways of Rendering the Single Participle and Participial Phrases
- •The Objective Participial Construction
- •3. The Subjective Participial Construction.
- •The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •The Nominative Absolute and the Prepositional Absolute Constructions
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Conveying the Meaning of English Modal Verbs and Modal Expressions
- •1. Modality as an extralinguistic category. Ways of expressing modality.
- •2. Phonological ways of expressing modality.
- •3. Lexical means of expressing modality.
- •Lexico-grammatical means of expressing modality.
- •5. Grammatical modality.
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •Ways of Rendering the Forms of the Subjunctive Mood
- •Forms of the Subjunctive mood, the general notion
- •2. General approaches to the translation of the forms of the Subjunctive mood
- •3.Peculiarities of translating object clauses with the Subjunctive mood
- •4. Ways of translating clauses with should
- •Self-assessment test
- •Exercises
- •The Forms of the Subjunctive Mood and the Ways of Their Rendering in Ukrainian
- •Texts for translation
- •L.Carroll Alice in Wonderland
- •W. S. Maugham Foinet's Advice
- •F. R. Barratt The Sad Story of a Lost Memory
- •Additional exercises
- •What a Language!
- •Questions for the examination
- •References
Exercises
Exercise 1.
Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the syntactic functions of the gerund.
I remember the candles being lit again.
Seeing and doing are two entirely different things.
Oh, well, it’s no good crying over spilt milk.
I’m not used to living out of doors.
Before following her in her round of seeking, let us look at the sphere in which her future was to lie.
She consoled herself by thinking that he loved her as much as he was capable of loving.
When the two men had gone, she looked through the photographs again before putting them back.
Page left for Manchester without telling Malcomb about it.
I’m glad to have the opportunity of falling to you, Doctor.
We liked neither reading aloud nor being read to.
Exercise 2.
Translate into Ukrainian. Mind the syntactic functions of the gerundial construction.
John’s talking in a quick and faltering manner made us think that he was keeping something back.
I’m not at all happy about her coming to our place.
I find Mary so talented. No wonder everyone is really fond of her singing.
I was surprised at her skill in riding a horse.
On Peter’s coming home everyone pretended that nothing had happened.
Their behaving in such a silly way puzzled me.
He told me something about his new book being published next month.
The audience enjoyed the famous actor’s singing and dancing.
He looked up and told us about the bus coming in a couple of minutes.
Do you really agree to the idea of their joining us next week?
Lecture 6
Ways of Translating the Participle and Participial Constructions
Problems for discussion:
1. Ways of rendering the single participle
2. The Objective Participial Construction
3. The Subjective Participial Construction
4. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
5. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
6. The Nominative Absolute and the Prepositional Absolute Constructions
Background for discussion:
The syntactic functions of Participle I
The syntactic functions of Participle II
The use of the Objective Participial Construction
The use of the Subjective Participial Construction
The syntactic functions of the Nominative Absolute and the Prepositional Absolute Participial Constructions.
The syntactic functions of the Nominative and Prepositional Absolute Constructions.
Ways of Rendering the Single Participle and Participial Phrases
As a notion the Participle comprises Participle I and Participle II which differ in voice rather than in tense. In translating both participles we should take into consideration their syntactic function as well as their meaning.
The Participle as an attribute is translated as an attributive clause or дієприкметник:
E.g. The old apple-tree growing in the yard was planted by his father. Стара яблуня, що росла у дворі, була посаджена його батьком.
The apple –tree planted by his father is in flower now. Яблуня, посаджена його батьком, зараз у цвіту.
The Participle as an adverbial modifier of different types is normally translated as an adverbial clause introduced by the conjunctions КОЛИ, ОСКІЛЬКИ, ХОЧА, НІБИ as well as a coordinate clause with the conjunctions І,А. Дієприслівник is also rather often used.
E.g. Doing his homework he tried to be very concentrated. Виконуючи домашнє завдання, він намагався бути дуже зосередженим.
When given some task he did his best to cope with it properly. Одержавши завдання, він докладав усіх зусиль, щоб впоратися з ним як слід.
John sat in the arm-chair looking into the fire. Джон сидів у кріслі й дивився на вогонь.
Special care should be taken with sentences having participle I of the verb TO BE. The problem is that it never expresses temporal meaning. Its meaning is usually causal and in translation we use the Ukrainian conjunction оскільки.
E.g. Being a child he couldn’t understand all those difficulties. Оскільки він був дитиною, він не міг зрозуміти всі ті труднощі.
If necessary to express a temporal meaning, in English we can use a phrase or a clause ‘WHEN A CHILD’, ‘WHEN HE WAS A CHILD’.
E.g. When a child (when he was a child), he never went to the seaside. В дитинстві (коли він був дитиною) він ніколи не їздив до моря.
The Participle as a predicative is normally rendered as an adjective or дієприкметник.
E.g. The sisters’ likeness was simply striking. Подібність сестер була просто вражаючою.
His name is well-known among journalists. Його ім’я добре відоме серед журналістів.