Sets of teeth

During their life people have two sets of teeth. Those teeth that erupt in early childhood are called temporary teeth or deciduous teeth. The second or permanent teeth erupt later and are intended to serve during the adult years.

Temporary teeth are also called deciduous teeth, baby teeth, milk teeth or primary teeth.

Deciduous teeth start to form before a baby is born. The first of those teeth usually erupts at about six months, and as this process continues, one temporary tooth after another pushes its way through the gums until about the second year. Between the ages of six and twelve or thirteen, these teeth loosen and drop out (exfoliate), and are promptly replaced by the permanent ones. There are twenty teeth in the temporary dentition, ten in each jaw.

The temporary dentition in each jaw consists of two central incisors, two lateral incisors, two cuspids or canine teeth, four molar teeth. While the temporary teeth are still in place in the mouth, the permanent teeth are commencing to form inside the jawbone. When a child is about 3 years old, the roots of various deciduous teeth begin to dissolve slowly. As permanent teeth grow, they press against the roots of the temporary teeth, which wear away, until there is not enough root structure remaining to support them and, one by one, they become loose and fall out. As each temporary tooth is exfoliated, a permanent tooth, usually just beneath the surface of the gum, is waiting to push through and take its place.

The normal permanent dentition of a man consists of 32 teeth. Permanent teeth are larger than the deciduous ones. There are four kinds of teeth in the permanent dentition: incisors, canines, premolars and molars. Each jaw has 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars and 6 molars. The first permanent tooth usually erupts at about the age of 6. This is the first permanent molar or six-year molar. It erupts behind the second temporary molar, and does not replace a temporary tooth. This first permanent molar tooth acts as a keystone, determining the position of all the other permanent teeth, which are to erupt later. As this important tooth comes through at such an early date and doesn’t replace a temporary tooth, it is often overlooked and permitted to decay. Its early loss may result in irregularities in the dental arch and damage of the teeth. The last permanent teeth erupt when a person is 17 to 21 years old and they are called the third molars or wisdom teeth.

Exercise 7. Answer the questions:

1. How many sets of teeth does each human have?

2. When do temporary teeth start erupting?

3. What are the other names for temporary teeth?

4. When are temporary teeth replaced by permanent ones?

5. How many teeth are there in the temporary dentition?

6. What does the permanent dentition consist of?

7. When does the first permanent tooth usually erupt?

8. Why is the first permanent molar often overlooked and permitted to decay?

9. What may an early loss of the first permanent tooth result in?

10. When do the wisdom teeth usually erupt?

Exercise 8. Find corresponding equivalents in the text:

Формуватись в щелеповiй кiстцi; замiнювати молочний зуб; пiд поверхнею ясен; бути недоглянутим; порушення в зубнiй дузі; привести до пошкодження зубів; тиснути на коріння молочних зубів; прорiзуватись в ранньому дитинствi; пробиватися через ясна; розхитуватися та випадати; постійний зубний ряд; тимчасовий зубний ряд; почати формуватися; недостатньо кореневої структури; зайняти місце; дозволити руйнуватися.

Exercise 9. Find the words in the text that mean approximately the same as these:

gingiva		replace
allow		canine
lead to		drop out
milk teeth		disorder
dentition		go on

Exercise 10. Find the opposites of the following words in the text:

temporary		quickly
late		above
forbid		small
stop		notice
pull		first

Exercise 11. Match the words from column A with those from column b to form collocations as they appeared in the text. Translate these collocations into Ukrainian:

Column A	Column B
deciduous teeth – молочні зуби	incisors
permanent	place
central	to decay
root	loss
become	arch
take	teeth
determine	dentition
permit	tooth
early	loose
dental	position
wisdom	structure

Exercise 12. Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences:

1. The teeth, which erupt in early childhood, are called the permanent teeth.

2. The deciduous teeth are intended to serve during the adult years.

3. The deciduous teeth are replaced by the wisdom teeth.

4. The third molar is often overlooked and permitted to decay.

5. The first permanent molar may be permitted to decay and it results in its early eruption.

6. Each temporary tooth is exfoliated then

7. The irregularities in the dental arch and damage of the teeth may be caused by the loss of incisors.

8. All deciduous teeth are replaced by the permanent ones between the ages of 17 and 21.

Exercise 13. Correct the misspelled terms:

errupt	jowbone	stracture
decidious	dentision	iregularity
tempurary	insisor	dicay
losen	caspid	artch
permenent	rut	visdom

Exercise 14. State if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.

1. Permanent teeth are intended to serve during the adult years.

2. Permanent teeth are also called deciduous teeth, baby teeth, milk teeth or primary teeth.

3. Wisdom teeth start to form before a baby is born.

4. The first milk tooth usually erupts at about six months.

5. Between the ages of 13 and 18 or thirteen, temporary teeth loosen and drop out.

6. There are twenty teeth in the permanent dentition.

7. The normal permanent dentition of a man consists of 32 teeth.

8. Deciduous teeth are larger than the permanent ones.

Exercise 15. Complete the sentences using the information from the text:

1. Permanent teeth erupt …

2. Temporary teeth are also called …

3. The temporary dentition in each jaw consists of …

4. … consists of 32 teeth.

5. There are four kinds of teeth in the permanent dentition: …

6. … usually erupts at about the age of 6.

7. The first permanent molar determines the position of …

8. The wisdom teeth start erupting …

Exercise 16. Make questions to the underlined words:

1. The deciduous teeth start erupting at six months.

2. All deciduous teeth are replaced by the permanent ones between the ages of 6 and 12 years.

3. All teeth start developing inside the jaw before the birth.

4. All temporary teeth have already erupted.

5. His last wisdom tooth erupted at the age of 20.

6. The eruption of all permanent teeth will be completed at the age of 25.

7. The second or permanent teeth are intended to serve during the adult years.

8. Irregularities in the dental arch were caused by the early loss of the first permanent molar.

Exercise 17. Use the verbs in brackets in the proper forms. Translate the sentences:

1. The permanent teeth erupt later and (to serve) during the adult years.

2. The permanent teeth (to form) inside the jawbone.

3. The first permanent molar (not to replace) a temporary tooth.

4. The first permanent molar tooth (to determine) the position of all the other permanent teeth.

5. Temporary teeth (to loosen) and (to exfoliate), and (to replace) by the permanent ones.

6. Deciduous teeth (to push) their way through the gums until about the second year.

7. Temporary teeth wear away one by one and (to lose) till the age of thirteen.

8. Both permanent teeth and deciduous ones should (to treat) regularly.