1. Read and remember the words. Mind the pronunciation.

   internal combustion engine	–	двигатель внутреннего сгорания
   to actuate	–	приводить в действие
   combustion	–	сгорание
   fuel oil	–	жидкое топливо
   to inject	–	впрыскивать
   cylinder	–	цилиндр
   cylinder head	–	головка цилиндра
   piston	–	поршень
   combustion chamber	–	камера сгорания
   connecting rod	–	шатун
   crankpin	–	палец кривошипа
   crank	–	кривошип
   crankshaft	–	коленчатый вал
   cam	–	кулачок
   gear	–	шестерня
   gear wheel	–	зубчатое колесо
   camshaft	–	кулачковый (распределительный) вал
   valve	–	клапан
   intake (inlet) valve	–	впускной клапан
   exhaust valve	–	выхлопной клапан
   crankcase	–	картер
   lubricating oil	–	смазка, смазочное масло
   four-stroke cycle engine	–	четырехтактный двигатель
   to support	–	поддерживать
   to carry	–	нести
   to move	–	двигаться
   to connect	–	соединять
   motion	–	движение
   crank mechanism	–	кривошипно-шатунный механизм
   rotating member	–	вращающаяся деталь
   to admit	–	впускать
   to discharge	–	выпускать
   exhaust gases	–	выхлопные газы
   to drive	–	приводить в действие
   to operate	–	работать, приводить в действие
   to drive	–	приводить в движение
   to fill	–	наполнять
   to compress	–	сжимать
   air	–	воздух
   to raise	–	поднимать, повышать
   to extend	–	тянуться
   bearing	–	подшипник
   power	–	сила, мощность
   to supply	–	передавать, снабжать

2. Guess the meaning of the following international words, read and learn them.

Diesel engine, cycle, cylinder, temperature, to compress, to result, machi­nery, type, compression, impulse, pressure, expansion, to produce, mechani­cally-operated.

3. Read and translate the text.

Diesel Engine General Description

A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine actuated by the gases resulting from the combustion of the fuel oil injected into the engine cylinder.

An internal combustion engine has a cylinder, a piston, a crankcase, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a camshaft and valves.

The piston moves in the cylinder up and down. The piston is connected to the crank mechanism which controls its motion. The crank mechanism consists of the connecting rod, the crank and the crankpin. The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. The crankshaft is the main rotating member of the engine.

The crankcase of the internal combustion engine supports the cylinder and the crankshaft. Lubricating oil is carried in the low part of the crankcase.

An internal combustion engine has mechanically-operated intake and exhaust valves. The intake valve is needed to admit air into the cylinder and the exhaust valve is needed to discharge exhaust gases out of the cylinder after they have done their work.

The camshaft is driven from the crankshaft by means of gear wheels. The camshaft has cams which are used to operate engine valves.

Diesel engines are divided into two types - a four-stroke cycle and a two- stroke cycle. With both types the cylinder is filled with air which is compressed by the piston. The rapid compression of the air raises its temperature. The fuel injected into the cylinder bums rapidly and the pressure exerted by its expansion produces the power impulse on the piston. The piston pushes on the connecting rod which connects the piston to the crank on the crankshaft. The force of the crank makes the crankshaft turn in its bearings. The rotating crankshaft supplies power to the machinery which is driven by the engine.

4. Match the following English and Russian words.

	fuel oil		силовой импульс
	connecting rod		зубчатое колесо
	crank pin		клапан двигателя
	gear wheel		двухтактный цикл
	crank mechanism		отработанные газы
	main rotating member		шатун
	power impulse		кривошипно-шатунный механизм
	two-stroke cycle		главная вращающаяся деталь
	exhaust gases		жидкое топливо
	engine valve		палец кривошипа

5. Give Russian equivalents.

To actuate, expansion, bearing, force, to supply, to drive, crankcase, cam­shaft, intake valve, combustion, to push, mechanically-operated crankshaft, to move, cam, to admit, lubricating oil.

6. Supply the missing prepositions.

1. Diesel engines are divided ……. two types.

2. The force ……. the crank makes the crankshaft turn.

3. The cylinder is filled ……. air.

4. The piston is connected ……. the crank mechanism.

5. The exhaust gases are discharged ……. the cylinder.

6. The piston pushes ……. the connecting rod.

7. Translate paying attention to participles.

1. The fuel injected into the cylinder …….

2. An internal combustion engine actuated by the gases …….

3. The gases resulting from the combustion …….

4. The rotating crankshaft …….

5. The pressure exerted by the expansion …….

6. Diesel engines are divide …….

7. The cylinder is filled …….

8. The camshaft is driven …….

9. Lubricating oil is carried …….

8. Give the summary of the text using the answers to the following questions.

1. What is a diesel engine?

2. What is an internal combustion engine actuated by?

3. What parts does an internal combustion engine have?

4. Does the piston move in the cylinder?

5. What is the piston connected to?

6. What does the crank mechanism consist of?

7. What connects the piston to the crankshaft?

8. What is the crankshaft?

9. What valves does an internal combustion engine have?

10. What does an intake valve do?

11. What operates engine valves?

12. What types are diesel engines divided into?

13. What supplies power to the machinery?