Text V Communications Satellites

EXERCISE 1

Read and translate the text. Insert necessary word combinations that are given into the gapped sentences of the text:

Communications satellites provide a means of ____ all over the globe, without the need for a network of wires and cables. They ___ Earth at a speed that enables them to stay above the same place on Earth at all times. This type of orbit is called geostationary or geosynchronous orbit because the satellite’s orbital speed operates in synchronicity with Earth’s ___. The satellites ___ transmissions from Earth and transmit them back to numerous Earth station receivers scattered within the receiving coverage area of the satellite. This relay function makes it ___ for satellites to operate as "bent pipes"—that is, wireless transfer stations for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint transmissions. Communications satellites are used by ___ to transmit signals across great distances. Ship, airplane, and land navigators also receive signals from ___ to determine geographic positions.

(Receive, satellites, orbit, transmitting telecommunications, rotation, telephone and television companies, possible)

EXERCISE 2

Answer the questions. Add information from the text to your answer.

1. What are the primary means for telephone connections?

2. What do you know about the coaxial cable?

3. For what purpose does the coaxial cable network include amplifiers?

4. What do fiber-optic cables use for transmission?

5. What are the advantages of fiber-optic technology?

6. What cables do new improvements promise for future?

7. How and for what purpose do radio waves travel?

8. What types of modulation can radio waves receive?

9. Why do microwaves can transmit larger amounts of data more efficiently then radio waves?

10. What are the characteristics of microwaves?

11. When are communications satellites used? Why is this type of communication more efficient?

Unit IV telecommunications systems

EXERCISE 1

Read and translate the text. Speak about the systems that you use in your everyday life.

Individual people, businesses, and governments use many different types of telecommunications systems. Some systems, such as the telephone system, use a network of cables, wires, and switching stations for point-to-point communication. Other systems, such as radio and television, broadcast radio signals over the air that can be received by anyone who has a device to receive them. Some systems make use of several types of media to complete a transmission. For example, a telephone call may travel by means of copper wire, fiber-optic cable, and radio waves as the call is sent from sender to receiver. All telecommunications systems are constantly evolving as telecommunications technology improves. Many recent improvements, for example, offer high-speed broadband connections that are needed to send multimedia information over the Internet.

EXERCISE 2

Look through the words below and practice in pronunciation.

switchingstation –1) (электрическая) подстанция; 2) коммутационный [переключательный] пункт; 3) коммутационная телефонная станция;

makeuse – воспользоваться

evolve - эволюционировать, развиваться

broadband - широкополосная сеть ( технология, способная обеспечить одновременную передачу голоса, данных, видео; обычно это осуществляется путем мультиплексирования с разделением частот )

span - простираться, распространяться