Notes to the text:

1.thehave – (зд.)мошенничество, надувательство, обман

2.exergy -  energy that is available to be used. In thermodynamics, the exergy of a system is the maximum useful work possible during a process that brings the system into equilibrium with a heat reservoir. When the surroundingsare the reservoir, exergy is the potential of a system to cause a change as it achieves equilibrium with its environment. After the system and surroundings reach equilibrium, the exergy is zero. Determining exergy was also the first goal of thermodynamics. The term "exergy" was coined in 1956 by using the Greek ex and ergon meaning "from work".

3.industrial metabolism - a sustainable development perspective which regards societies and their economic systems as embedded in the larger environmental system. Societies are shown to have a “metabolism” with the surrounding natural systems in a similar way to plants, animals or humans. The ‘inputs’ in industrial metabolism include resources such as raw materials (including fossil fuels), water, air and land. These resource inputs are transformed into products (goods and services) and are finally disposed back to the natural system in the form of outputs; mainly solid wastes, waste water and air emissions.

4.product stewardship - understanding, controlling, and communicating a product's environmental, health, and safety related effects throughout its life cycle, from production (or extraction) to final disposal or reuse.

5. holistic view-holism n - 1. Philosophical doctrine that a system may have properties over and above those of its parts and their organization.2. (Medicine) the treatment of any subject as a whole integrated system, esp, in medicine, the consideration of the complete person, physically and psychologically, in the treatment of a disease.

EXERCISE 2

Learn the following words and expressions.

to extract	добывать
commodities	товары
to quantify	определять
to have an impact	оказыватьвлияние, воздействовать
waste disposal	сброс (отведение) сточных вод, отходов
product stewardship	контроль качества продукции
societal issues	социальные вопросы, проблемы
viewed in isolation	отдельно рассмотренный
simplified interpretation of reality	упрощенное восприятие реальности
unforeseen	неожиданный
rebound effect	отдача, эффект бумеранга
unsustainability	неустойчивость
unintended consequences	непреднамеренные последствия
inherently unpredictable	по сути непредсказуемый
even/odd	четный/нечетный
human overpopulation	перенаселенность
technological tinkering	технологическая халтура
exergy	эксэргия
photovoltaic	фотогальванический

EXERCISE 3

Translate the nouns made from the following verbs.

To apply применять, употреблять – application…; to expand расширять –expansion…; to improve улучшать – improvement…; to intend намереваться – intention…; to perform исполнять, выполнять, делать – performance…; to produce производить, создавать – production…; to recognize признавать, осознавать – recognition; toextractизвлекать – extraction…; toquantifyизмерять – quantification…; topropagateраспространять, увеличивать – propagation…; tobehaveвестисебя – behavior…; to hasten торопиться –hastiness…; to advocate защищать, рекомендовать – advocation… .

 

EXERCISE 4

Translate the verbs with prefix 're':

to route - направлятьпоопределенномумаршруту, распределять – to reroute ...; to reschedule; to rework; to redesign; to rebound; to recoup; to reimburse; toreduce; to reflect; to reduce;

EXERCISE 5

Translate word combinations with prefix 'un'.

unmanned machining; unloading station; unsatisfactory results; unusual method;unsustainability; unpredictable circumstances; unintended; unavoidable; unforeseen change; unjustified.

EXERCISE 6

Read and translate the following word combinations.

    а) considerable activity; material handling system; global industrial economy; modern society; waste disposal; linear (open) loop systems; product-oriented; environmental policy; simplified interpretation; unforeseen behavioral change; environmental performance; rebound effect; implicit assumption; unintended consequences; inherently unpredictable and unavoidable; environmental and societal sustainability;

    б) to realize the benefits; to reroute and reschedule the production; to require a proper design of the system; to be familiar with a high level of automation;toextract resources; to be modeled as a network of industrial processes; to examine societal issues; to involve understanding the connections; to be viewed in isolation; to propagate and cause changes; to worsen the situation; to lead to environmental improvement to be focused on technological innovation; to demonstrate negative unintended consequences of technology; to promote sustainability; to hasten collapse; to achieve long-term sustainability; to use energy more efficiently; to reduce environmental impact; to decrease the costs of photovoltaic production. 

EXERCISE 7

Retell the text “Industrial ecology”.