I. Read and translate the text. Jeans

Jeans are trousers made from denim. Mainly designed for work, they became popular among teenagers starting in the 1950s. Historic brands include Levi's, Lee and Wrangler.

Jeans are now a very popular form of casual dress around the world, and have been so for decades. They come in many styles and colors. They can be worn loosely or snugly.

The word "jeans" comes from French phrase “bleu de Gênes”, literally the blue of Genoa. Jeans fabric, or denim, originated independently in two places: the French town of Nîmes, to which «denim» owes its name; and in India, where trousers made of denim material were worn by the sailors of Dhunga «dungarees». At the same time, denim trousers were made in town Chieri (Italy) during the Renaissance, and were popularized in the 19th century. These trousers were sold through the harbour of Genoa. Republic of Genoa was long an important naval and trading power. Early examples of trousers were made for the Genoese Navy, which required all-purpose pants for its sailors. They required pants that could be wet or dry, the legs of which could be worn while swabbing the deck. They were laundered by dragging them in nets behind the ship, and the sea water and sun would gradually bleach them to white. They were worn by Genoan sailors and stevedores in France.

Traditionally, jeans are dyed to a blue color using indigo dye. Only a few grams of the dye are required for each pair of trousers.

Initially, jeans were simply sturdy trousers worn by workers, especially in the factories during World War II. During this period, men's jeans had the zipper down the front, whereas women's jeans had the zipper down the right side. By the 1960s, both men's and women's jeans had the zipper down the front.

Jeans (known as dungarees by then) along with light-blue stenciled cambric shirts, became part of the official working uniform of the United States Navy in the 20th century prior to being replaced by the coveralls, utilities and, more recently, the blue and gray digital-camouflaged navy working uniform. This was to prevent other more traditional uniforms from becoming soiled or torn in the ship’s rugged working environment. They were first issued in 1901, and were originally straight-legged. By the mid-20th century the trousers became boot-cut style to permit ventilation in the ship’s hotter working environment.

The same type of uniform consisting of jeans and chambray tops was (and still is) issued as prison uniform in some correctional facilities mainly because of the durability and low-maintenance of denim, which was deemed suitable for the rugged manual labor carried-out by inmates.

After James Dean popularized them in the movie «Rebel Without a Cause» wearing jeans by teenagers and young adults became a symbol of youth rebellion during the 1950s. Because of this, they were sometimes banned in theaters, restaurants and schools.

During the 1960s the wearing of jeans became more acceptable. By the 1970s had become a general fashion in the United States, at least for casual wear.

In the mid-1970s the denim and textile industry was revolutionized by the introduction of the stone-washing technique by GWG (Great Western Garment Co.). Entrepreneur, importer, and noted eccentric Donald Freeland pioneered the method, which helped to bring denim to a larger and more versatile market. Denim suddenly became an attractive product for all age groups and Freeland became one of the most important innovators in the history of denim and denim products. Acceptance of jeans continued through the 1980s and 1990s to the point where jeans are now a wardrobe staple.