- •Professional english
- •Кәсіби ағылшын тілі
- •Профессиональный английский язык
- •Isbn 978-601-263-073-2
- •Isbn 978-601-263-073-2
- •Пояснительная записка
- •Read and translate the text. Textile
- •Vocabulary
- •III. Translate from English into your native language.
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with prepositions.
- •V. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •VI. Read the paragraph. Try to understand and make up questions.
- •VII. Retell the text.
- •VIII. Check up your grammar.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •VII. Check up your grammar.
- •Read and translate the text. Cotton
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Give the definition of the following terms.
- •V. Complete the sentences.
- •VIII. Check up your grammar.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •V. Complete the sentences.
- •Viіi. Check up your grammar.
- •I. Read and translate the text. Silk
- •Vocabulary
- •II.Answer the following questions.
- •III. Give the definition of the following terms.
- •V. Complete the sentences.
- •VIII. Check up your grammar:
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Give the definition of the following terms.
- •V. Complete the sentences.
- •VIII. Check up your grammar.
- •I. Read and translate the text. Nylon
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Give the definition of the following terms:
- •V. Complete the sentences:
- •VIII. Check up your grammar:
- •I. Read and translate the text. Sources and types
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Translate from English into your native language.
- •IV. Complete the following sentences with these words.
- •V. Match up the half sentences below.
- •VI. Retell the text.
- •VII. Check up your grammar.
- •I. Read and translate the text. Scottish textiles: tweed
- •Vocabulary
- •VI. According to the text, are the following statements true of false?
- •VII. Retell the text.
- •VIII. Check up your grammar.
- •I. Read and translate the text. Scottish textiles: Tartan
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Read the paragraph. Try to understand and make up questions.
- •IV. Translate from English into your native language.
- •V. Match up the half sentences below.
- •VI. Choose the correct variant.
- •VII. Retell the text.
- •VIII. Check up your grammar:
- •Read and translate the text. Wash-and-wear and easy-care fabrics
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Choose a title (a-f) for each chapter (1-5). One chapter is unnecessary.
- •III. Choose the necessary words and put them to the sentences.
- •IV. Match up the words on the left with the definitions on the right.
- •V. Retell the text.
- •VI. Check up your grammar
- •I. Read and translate the text. Clothing
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Find in the text the following word-combinations and translate into your native languages.
- •III. Put the verbs in brackets in correct form and translate into your native language.
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •V. Put the articles if necessary.
- •VI. Retell the text.
- •VII. Check up your grammar.
- •I. Read and translate the text. Functions of clothing
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Find in the text the following word-combinations and translate into your native languages.
- •III. Put the verbs in brackets in correct form and translate into your native language.
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •V. Put the prepositions if necessary.
- •VI. Retell the text.
- •VII. Check up your grammar.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •VII. Check up your grammar.
- •II. Find in the text the following word-combinations and translate into your native languages.
- •III. Put the verbs in brackets in correct form and translate into your native
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •V. Put the prepositions if necessary.
- •VI. Retell the text.
- •I. Read and translate the text. Jeans
- •Vocabulary
- •VI. Talking points.
- •VII. Check up your grammar.
- •I. Read and translate the text. Ethnographic clothes of Nomads Part I
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •III. Make up sentences with the following phrases.
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with suitable words and word combinations.
- •V. Say if the statements are true or false.
- •VI. Divide next words into nouns and adjectives.
- •VII. Talking points.
- •VIII. Check up your grammar.
- •I. Read and translate the text. Ethnographic clothes of Nomads Part II
- •Vocabulary
- •VII. Talking points.
- •VIII. Check up your grammar.
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •IX. Check up your grammar:
- •I. Read and translate the text. Cutting
- •Vocabulary
- •VII. Check up your grammar:
- •Business letters
- •Visteria Ltd p.O.Box 82 Astana 467806 Kazakhstan
- •28Th March 2010
- •25Th July, 2010
- •32/34 Dostyk Square,
- •2Nd July, 2010
- •12 Margate Street,
- •32 High-ate,
- •Training tests
- •Variant 1
- •Variant 2
- •Variant 3
- •Variant 3
- •Variant 4
- •Variant 5
- •Variant 6
- •Variant 7
- •Variant 8
- •Variant 9
- •Variant 10
VII. Check up your grammar.
1. If we meet him, I ... you. a) introduce;
b) will introduce;
c) would introduce.
d) introduces;
e)introduced
2. Who would he talk to if he ... a very
serious problem?
a) has; b) had;
c) had had; d) have
e)will have
3. What would they do if they ... the last train? a) miss;
b) would miss;
c) missed; d) had missed. e) misses
4. If she lost her job, she ... her own business. a) will start;
b) would start;
c) started;
d) would have started;
e) starts
5. If he wanted a quiet holiday, he ... to the mountains. a) would go; b) went; c) would have gone; d) will go; e)goes
6. What will you do when you ... school?
a)will finish; b) finish; c) would finish;
d) finished; e)finishes
7. What ... her, if it's her birthday?
a) will you buy;
b) do you buy;
c) would you buy;
d) have you bought;
e)buys;
8. What would you do if you ... me?
a) are; b) were;
c) have been; d) will be
e) would be;
9. If you ... Mr Snowdon, you would like him.
a) would know;
b) will know; c) knew;
d)had known e)knows
10. If he ... in the evening, he'd have time to see this film.
a) didn't work;
b) hadn't worked;
c) doesn't work;
d) won’t work;
e)wouldn’t work;
11. If I had a car, I ... you a lift.
a) will give; b) gave;
c) would give;
d) would have given;
e) give
12. If I didn't go to bed late, I ... so tired all day.
a) would be; b) will be; c) won't be;
d) wouldn't be; e) was
13. If I go on a diet, I ... weight.
a) will lose; b) lose;
c) would lose; d) lost.
e)have lost
14. If Linda ... hurry, she will be late.
a) will not hurry;
b) doesn't hurry;
c) didn't hurry;
d) wouldn't hurry;
e)hurries
15. If Jane ... hurry, she would be late.
a) will not hurry;
b) doesn't hurry;
c) didn't hurry;
d) wouldn't hurry.
e)hurries
Unit III.
Read and translate the text. Cotton
C
otton
is a soft white fibrous substance covering seeds of certain plants.
Asiatic cottons first grew wild in East Africa. About 5000 years ago, the people in what is now Pakistan cultivated cotton. The army of Alexander the Great first brought cotton goods into Europe in the 300s B.C. but the cloth was too expensive and only the rich could afford it.
The English began to weave cotton in the 1600s. They imported raw cotton from other countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Later, they imported cotton from southern colonies in America.
In the 1700s, English textile manufacturers developed machines that made it possible to spin thread and weave cloth into large quantities. Today, the United States, Russia, China and India are major producers of cotton. When cotton arrives at a textile mill, several blenders feed cotton into cleaning machines, which mix the cotton, break it into smaller pieces and remove trash. The cotton is sucked through a pipe into picking machines. Beaters in these machines strike the cotton repeatedly to knock out dirt and separate lumps of cotton into smaller pieces. Cotton then goes to the carding machine, where the fibers are separated. Trash and short fibers are removed. Some cotton goes through a comber that removes more short fibers and makes a stronger, more lustrous yarn.
This is followed by spinning processes which do three jobs: draft the cotton, or reduce it to smaller structures, straighten and parallel the fibers and lastly, put twist into the yarn. The yarns are then made into cloth by weaving, knitting or other processes. After inspectors check the cloth, it is passed through a gas flame that singes the fuzz off its surface. Boiling the cloth in an alkaline solution removes natural waxes, coloured substances or discoloration. Then the cloth is bleached in hypochlorite or peroxide. The cloth may then pass through a machine that prints designs on it. Cloth intended to be solid-coloured goes through a dye bath. Cotton is used to make blouses, shirts, sing lets, shorts, Bermudas, jackets and pants. It can also be made into bedspreads, pillowcases, carpets and curtains
C
are
of your cotton garment.
For fabrics made of 100% cotton. 1) Set your washing machine to the low setting. 2) Wash the cloth in cold water. 3) Set your iron to Medium to iron it. 4) Do not bleach the cloth. 5) Hang to dry but do not tumble dry.
50%
Cotton and 50% Polyester.
1) Turn it inside out and machine wash with warm water.
2)
Wash with fabrics that are of light colours.
3
)
Use only non-chlorine bleach to bleach the cloth.
4) Tumble
dries with a medium setting.
5) Set your iron to medium for
ironing.
Properties of the cotton.
1) It is soft and comfortable. 2) It wrinkles easily. 3) It absorbs perspiration quickly. 4) It has good colour retention and is good to print on. 5) Cotton is also strong and durable.
