VII. Talking points.

1. Describe fur coats of the Saks’ women of VIII-I centuries BC.

2. What have you learnt from the text about symbols of the Saks?

3. Can we say that the Saks’ clothes are priceless work of art and why?

4. What was the difference between the Saks’ and European dress-coats?

5. Give as much information about outerwear of “Pazyryk” time BC as you can.

VIII. Check up your grammar.

1. Mary … me everything about her holiday:

a) say b) speak c) ask d) tells e) discuss.

2. She has … listed your name: a) ever b) already. c) yet d) usually. e) lately.

3. My parents … in Moscow last autumn:

a) Is. b) Were. c) Are.

d) Was. e) Am.

4. … you meet him yesterday?:

a) Did. b) Do. c) Does. d) Will. e) Shall.

5. We shan’t go to the country … the weather is better:

a) While. b) Before. c) After. d) Till.

e) As soon as.

6. The theatre … in 1919:

a) Was built. b) Has built. c) Build. d) Were build. e) Built.

7. She is … beautiful girl in our class:

a) More. b) Much.

c) Better. d) Much better e) The most.

8. I … in the garden last Sunday:

a) Worked. b) Work. c) Am working.

d) Shall work e) Works.

9. You … this test now:

a) Will write. b) Write.

c) Were writing.

d) Are writing. e) Wrote.

10. There is nothing left, … ?:

a) Is it?. b) Isn’t it?.

c) Isn’t there?.

d) Is there ?.

e) Aren’t there?.

11. It is … sentence in the exercise:

a) Last. b) Latest.

c) The last. d) Lasted.

e) The end.

12. Here is … picture of … town where I was

born:

a) A , a. b) –, the.

c) An , the. d) The, a.

e) A, the.

13. My friend knows when they … from Astana:

a) Comes back.

b) Shall come back.

c) Come back.

d) Will come back.

e) Are coming.

14. Yes, she is a young woman:

a) What kind of woman is she? b) How does she look like? c) Is she a young woman? d) Who is she? e) Is she a young or an old woman?

15. When will he… to receive me?:

a) Can. b) Must.

c) Have to. d) Be able.

e) May.

Unit XVIII.

I. Read and translate the text.

The History of Linen

Flax seems to be the oldest of textile fibers. We know linen cloth has been discovered in the late dwelling of the unknown inhabitants of Europe, where no trace of wool can be found. It is certainly the most lasting of fibers, for considerable quantities of it are preserved for us in Egyptian tombs, some of which are acknowledged to be fifty centuries old.

All things considered, we may suppose linen to be the oldest textile fibers. At any rate, flax is known to have been cultivated in Egypt 5000 years ago, and for centuries it was the only textile fiber in that land. The cultivation of the flax and the spinning and weaving of the linen were illustrated on the walls of Egyptian palaces, temples and tombs. The Egyptians are known to be dressed almost entirely in linen. For many hundreds of years Egypt was the greatest linen producing country in the world. In late years the use of linen spread to Greece, and to Rome, where it is supposed to have been used not only for women’ s clothing and handkerchiefs, but also for ship sails, though not for outer garments. The Romans thought linen to be a great luxury. Then every country in Europe began to cultivate flax, and until the second part of the XVIII century, when a number of inventions made cotton fabric cheap, linen was the almost generally used textile. Though only a little over a hundred years ago flax was the most important textile chemical fibers are used by larger amounts.