Unconvicted Prisoners
Some of the prison population consists of unconvicted prisoners held in custody and awaiting trial. These prisoners are presumed to be innocent and are treated accordingly. They are allowed all reasonable facilities to seek release on bail, prepare for trial, maintain contact with relatives and friends, and pursue legitimate business and social interests. They also have the right to wear their own clothes and can write and receive unlimited number of letters.
Young Offenders
In Britain, young offenders are held in reformatories, which are designed for the treatment, training and social rehabilitation of youth. School-age delinquents are kept in residential training schools, and young offenders between the ages of 16 and 25 who have been convicted of a criminal act serve in special facilities. The most famous of these is the Borstal Institution.
Women prisoners
Women are usually held in smaller prisons with special programmes and recreational opportunities offered to reflect stereotyped female roles, with emphasis on housekeeping, sewing and typing skills. Women prisoners do not wear prison uniform and there is a clothing allowance to help pay for clothes while in prison. Some prisons provide mother and baby units, which enable babies to remain with their mothers where that is found to be in the best interests of the child. In addition to the usual visiting arrangement, several prisons allow extended visits to enable women to spend the whole day with their children in an informal atmosphere.
Habitual offenders
Criminals who have frequently been apprehended and convicted, who have manifested a settled practice in crime, and who are presumed to be a danger to the society in which they live are referred to as habitual offenders. Studies of the yearly intake of prisons, reformatories, and jails in the United States and Europe show that from one-half to two-thirds of those imprisoned have served previous sentences in the same or in other institutions. The conclusion is that the criminal population is made up largely of those for whom criminal behaviour has become habitual; moreover, penal institutions appear to do little to change their basic behaviour patterns.
Though the percentage of recidivists runs high for all offenders, it is greatest among those convicted of such minor charges as vagrancy, drunkenness, prostitution, and disturbing the peace. These are more likely than serious criminal charges to result from an entire way of life. Accordingly, their root causes are rarely susceptible to cure by jailing.
Life-sentence prisoners
Since capital punishment has been abolished in Britain, the severest penalty for the most atrocious crimes, such as murder, is life imprisonment. Those serving life sentences for the murder of police and prison officers, terrorist murders, murder by firearms in the cause of robbery and the sexual or sadistic murder of children are normally detained for at least twenty years. Life sentences for offences other than murder can be reduced up to nine years.
On release, all life-sentence prisoners remain on licence for the rest of their lives and are subject to recall should their behaviour suggest that they might again be a danger to the public (From…..).
Ex. 4. Find in the texts above English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
виправні установи для неповнолітніх правопорушників
виправлення та перевиховання
рецидивісти (2 слова)
бродяжництво
порушення громадського порядку
співробітник виправної установи
відбувати покарання у в’язниці
які утримуються під вартою
вважаються не винними
всі обґрунтовані можливості
підтримувати контакти з родичами
мати право носити власний одяг
отримувати не обмежено кількість листів
Ex. 5. Match the following English expression with their Ukrainian equivalents:
1
.offender
довготривалі
побачення
2. reformatory злочинці шкільного віку
3.treatment організація відвідувань
4. youth дозвіл на носіння одягу
5.school age delinquents виправна установа для неповнолітніх правопорушників
6. residential training school виправлення (перевиховання)
7. to convict молодь
8.recreational opportunities відображати ролі жінки
9. reflect female roles відновлювальні можливості
10. clothing allowance засудити
11. visiting arrangement кримінальна дія
12. extended visits злочинець (правопорушник)
13. enable місцева виправна установа для неповнолітніх правопорушників
14.criminal act надавати можливість
Ex 6. Read and memories the following words:
Nouns Verbs Adjectives Offender to apprehend habitual
Criminal to convict settled
Crime to manifest frequent
Danger to presume previous
Society to refer criminal
Studies to serve penal
Jail to become basic
Sentence to change high
Institution to run serious
Conclusion to result entire
Institution to cure susceptible
Pattern
Charge
Cause
Ex.7. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
1. In 1991…..was abolished in Ukraine
2. The offender has been convicted of……
3. A murderer was sentenced to …… two years ago.
4. The man serving life sentence for the murder of a …. is held in the maximum security penal institution.
5. Life sentence for ….. other than murder can be reduced.
6. Life- sentence prisoners …. for the rest of their lives on release.
a) prison officer
b) offences
c) life imprisonment
d) capital punishment
e) an atrocious crime
f) remain on licence
Ex. 8. Answer the following questions:
What is the status of ‘unconvicted prisoners? What are their privileges?
What are the purposes of reformatories?
What is the most famous facility for young offenders?
What special programmes are established for women prisoners?
What additional rights do women prisoners have?
What are habitual offenders?
What are the most typical crimes committed by recidivists?
What is the severest penalty for the most atrocious crimes?
What kinds of “lifers” are sentenced to the longest term of imprisonment?
How is life sentence typically reduced in Britain?
How are “lifers” supervised when released?
Ex.9. Read the article below and write down the criminal record of the convict: