Judicial profession in England

There are two classes of lawyers—Barristers and Solicitors in England. Solicitors are lawyers who take legal business for ordinary people. Their business is to give advice to non-professional clients and to prepare all the necessary documents for the barrister. The barrister conducts the case in the higher courts. The barrister has some educational standard. He must pass the special legal exams and become a member of a legal corporation. Barristers are either „juniors“or „King’s“. When a barrister becomes Q. C. he „takes silk“. It means that he can wear a silk gown. Participating in a trial, a barrister may be counsel for the plaintiff (counsel for the prosecution) or counsel for the defendant (counsel for the defense). All serious crimes are tried in a superior court before a jury. Most men and women between the ages of 21 and 60 can be jurors. According to the English law the jury is to return only one of two verdicts—Guilty or Not Guilty. Judges are appointed from the barristers. The judge’s functions are to conduct the proceedings, put questions to the parties and witnesses, examine the documents and evidence and to pass the sentence (Adopted from Зеликман А. Я., 2001, с. 234).

Ex. 10. Read and memorize new words:

1. solicitor	повірений
2. take legal business	займатися юридичною справою
3. give advice	надавати пораду
4. conduct the case	вести судову справу
5. educational standard	освітній рівень
6. counsel	радник, адвокат, який надає поради.
7. Queen’s Counsel (Q.C.)	Королівський адвокат
8. counsel for the plaintiff (for the prosecution)	адвокат позивача
9. counsel for the defendant (for the defence)	адвокат відповідача
10. serious crime	тяжкий злочин
11. be tried	розглядатися (в суді)
12. juror	присяжний
13. jury	суд присяжних
14. return a verdict	винести вердикт(вирок)
15. guilty	винний
16. be appointed	призначатися
17. conduct the proceedings	вести судовий процес
18. party	сторона (у справі, у договорі та ін.)
19. witness	свідок
20. evidence	свідчення
21.pass the sentence (judgement)	виносити вирок (судове рішення)
22.oath	присяга
23.bring suits (against )	подавати позови (на)
24.commit a crime	скоїти злочин
25.bring before the court	притягнути до суду
26.be suspected of	підозрюватись у

Ex. 11. Read the text and list the peculiarities of judicial professions in England in the columns below.

Barristers Solicitors

1. ……… 1. ………..

2. ……… 2……….

Ex.12. Do you know the people who:

1. conduct a trial and pass the sentence;

5. act for the state in prosecuting criminals;

2. have a first-hand knowledge of the event and give evidence under oath;

6. are appointed to try small offences in Britain;

7. break laws;

3. bring suits against other persons;

8. are suspected of committing crimes and brought before the court;

4. in cooperation with other persons are to decide the truth of the case tried before the judge;

Ex.13. Read and translate the text «Types of legal professions»