Devices for measurement of function of external breath

Recently research of function of external breath both at patients with a pulmonary pathology, and at healthy at carrying out surveys finds the increasing application with a view of revealing and differential diagnostics of illnesses of bodies of breath, and also for an estimation of efficiency of treatment and examination of work capacity. Used earlier in practice of doctors of cabinets of functional diagnostics spirograph enabling to diagnose a pathology at a level only large bronchial tubes, give a up the place to more perfect devices, allowing to define the forced volumetric speed of a breath on curve "stream-volume", to carry out research and to spend processing in the automated mode of the received parameters of breath.

The store on replaceable magnetic disks provides long-term storage of results of inspection. The last can be written down also from the external computer connected with a spirometer. Measurements and calculations can be recorded on a usual paper with use of the printer. The program stipulates co mparison of data of research of function of external breath of the patient to due sizes of corresponding parameters

The program of management of work of a spirometer automatically tests electronic units of a spirometer, by means of the operator spends measurements, automatically calculates parameters of breath, analyzes correctness and reliability of results, spends comparison with due (normative) parameters on the several widespread systems, gives out imprisonment before trail, provides long-term storage of results in archive. The software can easily change according to requirements and wishes of the user.

Presence of the universal processor device, the multikeyboard keyboard, the display with good resolution, printers allows to apply a spirometer as a personal computer in practical work of the doctor, and also to spend scientific calculations, statistical processing of results of researches. During research the respiratory stream of air passes through the measuring device, then again gets in an atmosphere.

The computer receives the signal of a measuring head preliminary transformed to the digital form in the module of interface, processes it, defines parameters of breath, and also visualizes on the display in a mode of " real time " that allows the operator to supervise process of measurement.

By comparison of data of the control and domestic devices describing various parameters of ventilating ability of lungs at surveyed patients, it has appeared, that available distinctions are not authentic and are within the limits of numerical values for the given pathology.

Thus, on the basis of the lead researches it is established, that a spirometer “МАС-1” on the parameters of function of external breath specified above, and also under the form curve "stream-volume" correctly reflects character of a pathology in bodies of respiratory system and the clinical diagnosis of disease.

In summary it is necessary to note, that the domestic spirometer “МАС-1” is compact, simple and convenient in work, by it branches pulmonology structure and cabinets of functional diagnostics of poly clinics can be carried out.

S pirograph- СП-3000

The diagnostic computer medical device intended for research of function of external breath at adults and at children. It can be used in polyclinics, hospitals, clinics, and also in research and other medical institutions.

Possible scopes of spirograph: research of function of external breath in practical medical work and in scientific researches both in out-patient, and in stationary conditions, forecasting of current of pulmonary diseases, preoperative inspection and an estimation of a degree of operational risk, inspections, medical labour examination, sports medicine, professional illnesses, the control of efficiency of medical and rehabilitation actions, an asthma-monitoring, individual selection of medicines.

S pirograph СМП-21 Microprocessor computer - effective system for check of functions of lungs, allows to define also active resistance of lungs.

Scope:

Branches of functional diagnostics;

The control of efficiency of medical and rehabilitation actions over pulmonology;

Asthma-monitoring;

Sports, aerospace medicine;

Medical labour examination.

Measurement 21 parameters of ventilating function of lungs on a breath and an exhalation;

Display of results on graphic display with a conclusion to the printer; Automatic calculation norms of the patient; formation of imprisonment before trail;

Data storage of 30 patients in volatile memory;

Opportunity of carrying out of inhalation tests;

Opportunity of application in stationary and out-patient conditions

D evices of artificial ventilation of lungs SLE-2000 is intended for carrying out of operated artificial ventilation of lungs at newborns and children during carrying out reanimation actions in conditions of clinical hospitals, maternity hospitals, scientific research institutes of a children's structure. The device can be completed, a dampener, a respiratory contour the monitor, the compressor.

Research of rheological properties of biological liquids.

Methods of research of blood circulation.

Rheography.

Equation of Bernoulli. Static and dynamic pressure.

The liquid incompressible and not having internal friction or viscosity is called ideal liquid.

Current of a liquid is called stationary or established if speeds of particles of liquid in each point of a stream in due course do not change. The established current characterizes lines of a current - the imagined lines conterminous with trajectories of particles. The part of a stream of the liquid, limited from different directions lines of a current, forms a tube of a current or a jet. We shall allocate a tube of a current so narrow; it is possible to consider speeds of particles V are identical in its any section S perpendicular axes of a tube, on all section.

Then the volume ΔV of a liquid proceeding through any section of a tube in unit of time remains to constants, as movement of particles in a liquid occurs only along an axis of a tube: ΔV =vS=const. This parity is called a condition of indissolubility of a jet.

From here follows, as for a real liquid at the established current on a pipe of variable section quantity Q of the liquid proceeding in unit of time through any section of a pipe, remains to constants (Q = const) and average speeds of current in various sections of a pipe inversely proportional to the areas of these sections:

Let's allocate in a stream of an ideal liquid a tube of a current, and in it - small enough volume of a liquid ΔV in mass Δm, which at current of a liquid moves from position A to position B.

As volume is small, it is possible to consider, that all particles of a liquid in it are in equal conditions: in position A have pressure speed and are at height _h1 from a zero level; in position B - accordingly . Sections of a tube of a current accordingly S₁ and S₂.

The liquid which is being under pressure, possesses internal potential energy (energy of pressure), and can make work. This energy W_p is measured by product of pressure upon volume V of a liquid

In this case moving of mass of liquid occurs under action of a difference of forces of pressure in sections S₁ and S₂. Work made at it А_р is equal to differences potential energies in points A and B: . This work is spent for work on overcoming gravity and on change of kinetic energy of mass liquid

Hence,

Positions A and B are chosen any way, therefore it is possible to approve, that in any place of a tube of a current the condition is kept

Having divided this equation on , we shall receive

Where — density of a liquid.

I t is equation Bernoulli. All members of the equation, have dimension of pressure and refer to: static: hydrostatic: - dynamic. Then equation Bernoulli it is possible to formulate so: Full pressure equal to the sum of static, hydrostatic and dynamic pressure, remains in size of a constant in any cross-section section of a stream at stationary current of an ideal liquid. Hydrostatic pressure remains to constants and can be carried in the right part of the equation which thus becomes for a horizontal tube of a current

Static pressure causes potential energy of a liquid (energy of pressure), dynamic pressure - kinetic.

From this equation the conclusion, which is called the rule Bernoulli follows:

Static pressure of a nonviscous liquid at current on a horizontal pipe increases there where its speed decreases and on the contrary.

It is possible to show it, for example, passing the tinted water on enough wide pipe of variable section and comparing levels of a liquid in manometrical tubes on various sites of a pipe. It is possible to pick up conditions, at which pressure of a liquid (or gas) in the narrowed site of a pipe becomes less atmospheric and then the jet in this place can have soaking up an effect. Such effect is applied in the water-jet pump. The water-jet pump is silent and hygienic. Therefore it is often applied in a medical practice, for example at removal liquids from a cavity of pleura.