Medicinal electrophoresis.

Medicinal electrophoresis - a combination of influence on an organism of a constant electric current and the medicinal substance entered with its help. Thus medical effects of entered medicinal substance are added to mechanisms of action of a direct current. They depend on mobility, a way of introduction, quantity of medicine acting in an organism and area of its introduction. Medicinal substances in a solution break up to ions and charged hydrophilic complexes.

A t a premise of such solutions in electric field ions containing in them move in a direction to opposite electric poles (electrophoresis), get into depth of tissues and have medical effect. From a lining under a positive electrode in tissues of an organism ions of metals (from solutions of salts), and also positively charged particles of more complex substances are entered; from a lining under a negative electrode - acid radicals, and also negatively charged particles of complex connections.

Penetration capability of ions of medicinal substances depends upon their structure and upon a degree of electrolytic dissociation. It is different in various solvents also is defined by their dielectric permeability (ε). The medicinal substances dissolved in water have greater mobility in an electric field ( ).Water solutions of glycerin ( ) and ethyl spirit ( ) are used for dissociation of insoluble substances in water. Introduction of medicinal substances in the ionized form increases their mobility and strengthens pharmacological effect. Complication of structure of a preparation reduces its mobility.

Entered medicinal substances get in epidermis and they accumulate in the top layers of derma, from which diffuse in lymphatic vessels. The period of deducing of various preparations from skin changes from 3 hour till 15-20 days. It causes long stay of medicinal substances in an organism and their prolonged medical action. The quantity of the medicinal substance getting into an organism by means electrophoresis is 5-10 % from a used medicine at carrying out of medical procedure. Increase of concentration of solutions (over 5 %). Increase of quantity entered substances into an organism does not improve medicinal effect. In this case electrophoresis and relaxation forces of braking arise, owing to electrostatic interaction of ions. They brake moving of medicinal ions to tissues.

Pharmacological effects of penetrating medicinal substances in an organism are shown at introduction of strong preparations and ions of metals in small quantity. Medical products operate locally on the tissues, which are being under electrodes. They are capable to cause the expressed reflex reactions of corresponding organs, to strengthen their blood-groove and to stimulate regeneration of tissues. For example, ions of iodine entered into an organism by means of electrophoresis increase dispersibility of a connecting tissue and raise degree hydrophily of protein:

Ions of lithium dissolve salts of lithium of a uric acid.

Ions of copper and cobalt activate a metabolism of sexual hormones and participate in their synthesis.

Ions of magnesium and calcium render expressed hypotensive action

Ions of zinc stimulate regeneration and possess fungicidal action.

Some of the entered substances can change functional properties of skin fibers of tactile and painful sensitivity. Joint influence of an electric current and local anesthetics causes reduction of a pulse stream from the painful center and creates analgesic effect of a direct current. Such phenomena are expressed under the cathode. The constant electric current changes pharmacological kinetics and pharmacological dynamics of entered preparations. Substances acting in skin collect locally. It allows to create significant concentration of these substances in superficial zones of defeat. At such way of introduction incidental effect of peroral and parenteral introductions of medicinal substances no contact. Action of ballast components is poorly expressed also solutions do not demand of sterilization. It allows to use them in field conditions. It is possible also accumulation of medicinal substances (in particular, antibiotics) in the pathological centers of internal organs, cytostatics and adjuvants in tumours (electrochemotherapy). Thus concentration of medicines in interelectrode tissues increases in 1,5 times.

The quantity of applied medicinal substance usually does not exceed its single doze for peroral and parenteral introduction.