Methods of physiotherapeutic influence

Physiotherapy - the area of medicine studying physiological and medical action of natural and artificial physical factors, developing methods of their use with the preventive and medical purposes; set of physical methods of treatment and their practical application.

Electrotreatment unites the greatest number of methods (methods with use of an electric field, constant, variable, continuous and faltering electrocurrents, a variable magnetic field, and electromagnetic fields).

Galvanizing, devices for stimulation of nerves and muscles, darsonvalism, diathermy, microwave therapy, a magnetotherapy; for phototherapy - the ultra-violet and infra-red irradiation is used in electrotherapy.

Physiotherapeutic procedures are used for treatment paralyses, illnesses of the copular device, a skin, organs of breath, and infringements of a metabolism. Electrotherapy, phototherapy, mud cure, hydrotherapy, massage are applied too. The basic methods of physiotherapy are shown almost at all diseases of internal organs. Ultrasonic therapy is a medical application of mechanical fluctuations of ultrahigh frequency. Major factors of influence: Mechanical - vibrating micromassage of tissues at a cellular level as a result of which occurs stimulation of viability and exchange processes in a tissues; Thermal - formation in tissues of "deep" heat which strengthens exchange processes, improves blood circulation, promotes resolution of hems and to reduction of hypostases; Physical and chemical - acceleration of speed of current of chemical reactions in tissues that promotes restoration of a tissues.

The combined therapy is a combination in one device of methods of electric and ultrasonic therapy.

Microwave therapy is one of the basic methods of electrotreatment at which the patient is irradiated by electromagnetic waves of the microwave range, using energy of an electromagnetic field of the microwave of small capacity. Microwaves (microradiowaves, UHF-fluctuations) take a place between waves of ultrahigh frequency and infra-red rays. It also causes physical properties of microwaves, characteristic radiowaves of ultrahigh frequency (ability to get into biological tissues) and infra-red beams (reflection, refraction, absorption by biological tissues).

Microwave therapy - the method of electrotreatment based on influence on the patient of electromagnetic fluctuations with wave length from 1 mm up to 1 m (or according to frequency of electromagnetic fluctuations of 300-30000 MHz). In a medical practice of a microwave decimeter (0,1-1 m) and centimetric (1-10 cm) ranges are used. The microwave-therapy is divided in two kinds: decimeter wave (DMW-therapy) and centimeter wave therapy (CMW-therapy). Microwaves borrow intermediate position between electromagnetic waves of ultrahigh-frequency range and infra-red rays. Therefore on some physical properties they come nearer to light, radiant energy. They can, as light, to be reflected, refract, dissipate and absorbed, they can be concentrated in a narrow bunch and to use for the local directed influence.

Getting on a body of the person, 30-60 % of microwaves are absorbed by tissues of an organism, other part is reflected. At reflection of microwaves, in particular tissues with various electroconductivity, the acting and reflected energy can develop, that creates threat of a local overheat of tissues.

The part of the energy of microwaves absorbed by tissues passes in heat and thermal an effect has. Alongside with it takes place also specific oscillatory effect. It is connected with resonant absorption of electromagnetic energy. Frequency of fluctuations of some biological substances (amino acids, polypeptides, waters) is close to frequency of microwaves. Therefore under influence of microwaves activity of various biochemical processes raises, biologically active substances (serotonin, histamine) are formed.

U nder influence of microwave therapy expansion of blood vessels occurs, the blood-groove amplifies, the spasm of smooth muscles, processes of braking and excitation of nervous system are normalized, passage of impulses on a nervous fiber is accelerated, protein, lipidic, the carbohydrate exchange changes.

Microwave therapy stimulates function adrenal systems, renders anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, anesthetizing action.

There are some distinctions in operation of microwaves of a decimeter and centimetric range. At action of CMW heat buildup is more expressed in superficial layers of tissues, at DMW it occurs in regular intervals both in superficial, and in deep tissues.

Waves of a decimeter range favorably influence a condition of cardiovascular system, retractive function of a myocardium improves, exchange processes in a cardiac muscle become more active, the tone of peripheral blood vessels decreases. Favorable dynamics is marked at influence on area of adrenal glands. The electronic control of contact of a radiator over a body of the patient is especially important in stomatology, at diseases of an oral cavity and maxillofacial area, otolaryngology, pediatrics, urology, gynecology.

T he compact device for local influence by small dozes of a field of the microwave on the center of defeat is shown in figure 2.

Currents of average frequency: a bipolar current of average frequency - amplipulse therapy, currents of average frequency for muscular stimulation.

Currents of low frequency: a galvanic current. Ultrasound: separate and simultaneous treatment, frequency of 1 MHz.

Medical action of amplipulse therapy is its influence on sensitive sphere of nervous system. Exciting action of fluctuations of a current, which frequency it is close to frequency of potentials of action of nerves and muscles, creates rhythmic ordered stream of pulsation from receptors in the central nervous system that is felt as patients as vibration. This stream, blocking painful pulsation, stops or reduces a painful syndrome, conducts to significant improvement of the circulation of the blood and lymphokinesia in the amazed area, promotes reduction of venous stagnation, an ischemia, puffiness of tissues, activation of exchange processes. The sine wave modulated currents depending on a way and parameters of applied influences influence a tone and retractive ability of muscles. It is used at pathology of nervously-muscular system, for example, at paralyses when electrostimulation of nerves and muscles is spent, for restoration of function of many bodies and systems.

Such influences are applied to increase of a tone of a bilious bubble at cholecystitises, for exile of stones from ureter, for restoration of impellent activity of uterus pipes at trumpet barreness, for correction of exchange processes and improvement of function of a pancreas, for improvement of drainage function of bronchial tubes at chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.

M icrocurrent therapy - a complex method of influence on an organism the modulated impulses of an electric current of midget amplitude.

M icrocurrents carry out soft influence on epidermis, derma, hypodermic tissue, vessels, and muscles. Using microcurrents, allocation of fibers, amino acids, lipids is made, deducing of products of a metabolism is made.

Microcurrents have anti-inflammatory effect, work of sebaceous glands is normalized.

The magnetotherapy is an application of constant, variable or pulse low-frequency magnetic fields in the medical purposes. Unlike high-frequency electromagnetic fields at a magnetotherapy practically are absent or thermal effects of internal tissues that allows to apply it at a number of the diseases which have been not shown for other kinds of physiotherapy are shown up to a minimum.. It is known, that tissues of an organism diamagnetic. Under influence of a magnetic field tissues are not magnetized, however (for example, to water, uniform elements of blood) magnetic properties can be informed many components of tissues in a magnetic field.

Magnetic-resonant therapy (inductothermy) is use in the medical purposes of high-frequency magnetic fields. They induce vortical currents in tissues due to what it is created warmly which, in turn, reduces efficiency of heat regulationmechanisms.

Laser therapy is a method of treatment based on medical application of light of the low frequency which is not causing warming up of tissues more than on 1 degree of Celsius, from laser sources of optical radiation. The laser is a source of coherent optical radiation of high density and an orientation. Light from the laser therapeutic device differs from light of a usual bulb that it:

Monochromatic; It is polarized, does not dissipate in surrounding space; Possesses ultralow thermal energy; It is dosed easily out, that is reached by change of time-and-frequency characteristics; Gets through a leather on depth up to 5-7 cm that allows to treat directly that should be treated. But the most important is that the intangible quantum by the nature of laser light possesses a magnificent set of medical effects: Suppresses allergic reactions, Restores system protection (immunity), Improves blood circulation,

Restores a metabolism, Releases an organism from salts and slags, Renders powerful anesthetizing and anti-inflammatory actions.

Intravenous laser irradiation is a way of highly effective influence low-intensity laser radiation on an organism of the person. It is used in cardiology, pulmonology, endocrinology, gastroenterologies, gynecology, urology, dermatology. Source of radiation is the semi-conductor laser with length of a wave 0,63 microns, at carrying out of procedure sterile disposable optical paths with a needle are used. Good method of laser therapy is the combination of external influence and internal (intravenous laser therapy). At external application the laser beam goes on a site of a body under which there is a sick body. Light gets through tissues into depth and stimulates a metabolism in the amazed tissues. At intravenous treatment, through sterile thin conductor of the light, which is entered into a vein of a hand, the laser beam influences blood. As a result low-intensity irradiations blood телец, tissues responsible for supply by oxygen and for reliable immune protection, processes of regeneration, energy exchange and are stimulated with a metabolism. угнетённые functions of self-control of an organism are activated, it treats itself(himself). Compression therapy is automatically controllable sequence of submission of compressed air in the tight cuff divided on section. Work of the device simulates muscular reductions and promotes promotion of blood and lymph inside of vessels in a direction to heart.

Phototherapy is a method of improvement of an organism at which elementary particles of light photons influence on the processes occurring in an organism: carry out transfer of the information from an environment, and also inside of an organism between cells, tissues and bodies; raise power; improve a condition of immune system; adjust functions of many hormones, including melatonin, carrying out a role of internal hours of an organism; set and support a rhythm of daily fluctuations; activate synthesis in a leather of vitamin D necessary for adjournment of calcium in a bone tissues.

Hydrotherapy. Temperature, chemical and mechanical factors of influence is a basis of hydrotherapy and balneotherapy. The organism answers them with the complex reaction including reactions of the leather, cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, muscular systems, heat exchange, oxidation-reduction processes.

U HF-therapy (ultrahigh-frequency therapy) - a method of electrotreatment at which influence on the certain site of a body of the patient occurs a continuous or pulse electric field of ultrahigh frequency. It renders anti-inflammatory, absorbing and soothing action on all the bodies getting in a floor.

UHF-30М - the device for treatment electric (UHR) or a magnetic field of ultrahigh frequency is intended for treatment sharp inflammatory processes in a leather and hypodermic tissues, especially purulent inflammatory and traumatic diseases of joints, muscles, bones, sharp myelities, a poliomyelitis, a neuralgia, wounds, a bronchial asthma, an abscess of lungs.

P hysiotherm-S - the device for continuous and pulse short-wave therapies, with programs on diseases and the evident graphic display. The continuous operating mode is intended for creation of local thermal effect, a pulse mode - for subthermal effects. Capacitor techniques are used for simultaneous warming up of all layers of tissues, and inductive - for selective influence on a fabric with good conductivity (a connecting fabric or muscles).

Physiotherm-M- the device for continuous and pulse microwave (СМW) therapies. Presence of a wide spectrum of operating modes allows: - to carry out selection of course of treatment in view of specific features of the patient; to exclude accustoming to spent procedures; - to pick up sparing mode for children, people of advanced age and special categories of patients; - to carry out smooth and stage-by-stage occurrence in course of treatment and a gradual output.

Decimeter therapy (DMW) - a method at which with the medical purposes apply decimeter waves in length of 69,65 and 33 cm, At influence by medical dozes of DMW, in an organism new higher level of functioning neurohumoralsystems is established, it conducts to activization of adaptable mechanisms and increase of nonspecific resistency of an organism.

Extremely high frequency - therapy (EHF) is therapy by means of electromagnetic waves of the highest frequency or waves of a millimetric range. The effect of influence of electromagnetic waves on biological objects can be power or information. At power influence the useful effect is reached due to the big capacity of fluctuations and leads to the general or local warming up of tissues. At information influence the weak signal is used: insignificant average heating of tissues.

I nstallation "Яхта-3" is intended for increase of efficiency of complex treatment of malignant new growths - a cancer of a slin, a mammary gland, soft tissues, a throat, a neck, a direct gut and treatment of diseases prostate gland, oncological and not oncological character by creation of a hyperthermal level of temperatures in the irradiated volume of tissues. Installation is executed in the form of four functional blocks: the block of the generator, the block of automatic control, the block of measuring instrument of temperature and the block of cooling. Installation represents the microwave generator of electromagnetic energy. The microwave energy from the generator moves on a heated up site of a body. In a zone of heating sensors of temperature settle down. The block of cooling for distribution of temperature on depth and to cooling a surface of biological tissues is applied. Installation is used at treatment of diseases of a gastroenteric path, musculoskeletal system, bodies of breath, diseases of kidneys and urinary tracts, for healing ulcers and hems in traumatology and cosmetology, at treatment of oncological diseases, in narcology, at treatment of people, getting to a radioactive irradiation, in a neurologic, therapeutic, pediatric practice, and also in the preventive purposes.

The physiotherapy is one of active pathogenetic methods of the treatment, aimed on mechanisms of inflammatory dystrophic processes and a functional pathology.

Advantages of physiotherapy: Reduction of terms of treatment of many diseases; Preventive maintenance of complications and relapses of disease; Absence of the by-effects peculiar to medicamentous treatment; Increase of efficiency of application of medicines; Significant decrease of dozes of appointed medicines or full refusal of them. The physiotherapy is used at: •Diseases of internal organs (sharp and chronic bronchites, the bronchial asthma, gastritises, a stomach ulcer of a stomach and chronic cholecystitises, a pancreatitis, chronic colitis); • Nervous system (neuritis, neuralgias, radiculitises). Treatment of herniation of intervertebral disk); • The musculoskeletal system (arthrosis, arthritises of fine and large joints); • Urological, proctologic and gynecologic diseases; • Skin diseases; • Pathologies of an ear, a throat and a nose; • Rehabilitation after traumas and operative interventions; • At painful syndromes after burns.