Galvanizing.

T he medical method, at which action on an organism of a direct current of insignificant force is used, is called galvanizing. It is connected with the old name of a direct current - a galvanic current. Primary action of a current on tissues of an organism is connected with movement in tissues of ions of electrolytes and other charged particles. Division of ions and accordingly, change of concentration of ions in various elements of tissue structures occurs owing to different mobility of ions, and as delays and their accumulation at semipermeable membranes, in tissue elements, outside and inside of cells. It causes change of a functional condition of a cell and other physiological processes in fabrics. Therapeutic action of a direct current depends on this phenomenon. Thus, change of concentration of ions in fabric formations is a basis of primary action of a direct current on an organism of the person. Owing to different mobility and as presence on semipermeable membranes of environments, division of ions occurs and accordingly, changes of concentration in various elements of fabric structures. According to the ionic theory of irritation of P.P.Lazarev, destruction of the certain parity of concentration of the ions which are being on both party of an environment causes a condition of excitation in a cell. It is reaction to action of an electric current. The attitude of concentration of monovalent ions Na and K to concentration of bivalent ions Ca and Mg has major importance (fig. 4)

I ncrease of this parity causes reaction of excitation, and downturn - reaction of braking. In particular action of a current in the field of the cathode is connected with increase of concentration of more mobile monovalent ions, mainly K and Na. Increase of excitability in the field of the anode is connected with concentration of less mobile bivalent ions Са, Mg, which remain much near to the anode.

At galvanizing the direct current a pressure 60-80 V, force of a current from 5 up to 15 mА, at the density of a current which are not exceeding 0,1mА/cm², is brought to tissues by means of wires and soft plastic electrodes. Lead with tin is applied as a material to electrodes. On the one hand it possesses softness, with another - it forms the most inactive ion. Therefore ions of lead do not participate in formation of a current.

I mposing of metal electrodes directly on a skin is inadmissible. Because, formed on a surface of electrodes products of electrolysis a solution of the chloride sodium containing in fabrics, the solution of cookery salt which is being in structure of sweat, possess cauterizing property and cause burns of a leather.

Thick enough lining (1) (look fig. 5) from a hygroscopic material (from flannels), is moistened with water or a weak salt solution. It absorbs in herself products of secondary reactions on an electrode. This lining keeps within on a surface of a skin under an electrode (2) (fig. 5,6). A lining with an electrode become stronger and densely nestle on a body in the necessary place by means of plaits or elastic bandage (3). Linings are sterilized with boiling and used repeatedly.

Electrodes of corresponding forms and the sizes are used for leading a direct current to a site of a body of the patient. The electrode consists of a metal plate or from a material which well spends an electric current and linings from hydrophilic fabrics thickness not less than 1 сm, which sizes on 1,5 - 2 cm exceed the sizes of a metal plate on all perimeter. The lining placed between a metal plate and a body of the patient, protects a skin from burns and irritations sour and alkaline products of electrolysis. These products are formed on a metal part of electrodes at passage of a current. The multicore isolated wires are applied to connection of electrodes with plugs of the device.

Linings plunge into hot water by preparation for carrying out of medical procedure of galvanizing. Then they are moderately wrung out and imposed on sites of a body a subject influence together with current-carrying plates. Then they are fixed by means of elastic bandage. It is necessary to watch, that linings densely and exactly adjoined to a body. Electrodes should not concern directly bodies. If on a body there are wounds, grazes, they should be covered by a slice of cotton wool or gauze with vaseline.

Electroconductivity of separate sites of the organism which is being between electrodes depends on resistance of skin and hypodermics. The current extends basically on blood and lymphatic vessels, muscles, environments of nervous trunks inside of an organism. Resistance of skin is defined by its condition: thickness, age, humidity. The arrangement of electrodes on a body of the patient can be cross-section, longitudinal or slanting. The distance between the edges of both electrodes turned to each other should be not less width of one of electrodes. Usually electrodes are applied identical on the size. If necessary to strengthen action of a current on a site of a body, the electrode of the smaller area in comparison with the second settles down on it. Flat trays are used for influence on area of fine joints of fingers of brushes and stop. The metal electrode falls to a tray as it is possible further from a site of a body, for exception of casual contact of a body with a metal part of an electrode. The second electrode is located on a hand or a leg of the patient, in cervicobrachial or lumbar area of a spinal.

D evices of type «Поток -1» are applied to galvanizing

The device has the case from the shock-resistant polystyrene, consisting of own case and a demountable bottom. Milliamperemeter (1) (look fig. 3), it is located at the left on the top wall of the case serving by the control panel. The handle of a regulator of a current «3», - to the right of the ammeter - the switch of ranges of a current and limits of measurement milliamperemeter «5 mA – 50 mA» «4», a control bulb «2», network switch " Вкл-Выкл" (5) (it means switch on - switch off), target jacks 6 ("+" - a red key, «-» - a black key). The aperture is in day of the case for access to a safety lock.

Before carrying out of procedures it is necessary to check up correctness of installation of the switch of a pressure of a network. To translate the switch of a network in position «Выкл», the switch of ranges - in position «5 mA», and the handle of adjustment of a current - in zero position. To include a plug of a network cord in the socket of a power line. To connect connecting wires to target clips and to strengthen in their clips the chosen electrodes. To impose on a body of the patient electrodes with the linings moistened by water or a medicinal solution (at carrying out of procedures medicinal electroforesis). To include mains voltage (thus the lamp on the control panel will light up) and, smoothly turning the handle of a regulator, it is necessary to establish value of a current. It is necessary to mean, that within the first minutes after the beginning of procedure resistance of a body decreases a little that leads to increase in a current. For this reason in the beginning of procedure it is necessary to watch size of a current and if necessary to adjust it. For reduction of a range of a current preliminary to deduce in initial position the handle of adjustment of a current and to remove electrodes from the patient. At a break in work to switch off a network feed, having translated the handle of the network switch in position «выкл».

Procedure of the general galvanizing is spent with use of the baths filled by water, into which extremity of the patient plunge.

The current brought to the patient is dosed out on density - to the attitude of force of a current to the area of an electrode. The admissible density of a current at local galvanizing should not exceed 0.1 mA/cm². At the general influences admissible density of a current on the order below - 0.01 mA/cm²- 0.05 mA/cm².

Subjective sensations of the patient are considered too. The patient should feel a lung pricking (tingle) under electrodes during procedure. Occurrence of feeling of burning serves as a signal to decrease in density of a spent current.

Inclusion of a current should begin with zero value; accrue very gradually and smoothly, without jerks and pushes. Resistance of a skin at its heating by damp linings decreases also a current gradually increases. Deenergizing of a current should be is spent very smoothly up to zero. Upon termination of procedure the device should be switched off and wires are disconnected from it. Duration of procedures, frequency of carrying out and their general number on course of treatment depends on character, a stage and a phase of disease, the general condition of the patient and its specific features.

I f it is necessary to raise concentration of those or other ions in all organism with this purpose the four-chamber bath is applied.

Galvanizing is combined with a high-frequency magnetotherapy (inductothermy), and acupuncture.

The current brought to the patient is dosed out on density - to the attitude of force of a current to the area of an electrode. The admissible density of a current at local galvanizing should not exceed 0.1 mA / sec². Admissible density of a current on the order below - 0.01 mA / sec² - 0.05 mA / sec² at the general and segmentary influences

Subjective sensations of the patient are considered at batching time of influence of an electric current and its sizes. The patient should feel a pricking (tingle) under electrodes during procedure. Occurrence of feeling of burning serves as a signal to decrease in density of a spent current.

Duration of galvanizing does not exceed 20 - 30 minutes 10 - 15 procedures are appointed usually to course of treatment. If necessary the repeated rate of galvanizing is spent in one month.

To advantages of a method of medicinal electrophoresis is carried: 1. Creation of skin depot in which medicinal substances are found out from 1 till 3 days, 2. Influence is direct on the pathological center, 3. Significant decrease of frequency of physiological reactions, 4. Painless introduction of medicinal substances. Galvanizing is used at treatment - traumas and diseases of peripheral nervous system (radiculitises, neuropathy, neuralgias, etc.), - traumas and diseases of CNS (traumas of spinal, frustration of brain and spinal blood circulation), - a vegetative dystonia, neurasthenias and other neurotic conditions, - diseases of bodies of the digestion, proceeding with infringement motor and secretory functions (chronic gastritises, colitis, cholecystitises, a dyskinesia of bile-excreting ways, a stomach ulcer of a stomach and a duodenal gut), - hypertonic and hypotonic illness, a stenocardia, an atherosclerosis in initial stages, - chronic inflammatory processes in various bodies and fabrics, - chronic arthritises and periarthritis a traumatic, rheumatic and exchange origin. Contra-indications for galvanizing: New growths, sharp inflammatory and purulent processes, system diseases of the blood, sharply expressed atherosclerosis, hypertonic illness of III stage, a feverish condition, eczema, dermatitis, extensive infringements o f integrity of an integument and frustration of skin sensitivity places of imposing of electrodes, propensity to bleedings, pregnancy, individual intolerance of a galvanic current.

Indications to medicinal electrophoresis Are rather wide - they are defined by therapeutic properties of entered preparation with the obligatory account of indications to use of a direct current. It is possible to count on the general action of medicinal substance mainly at functional vegetovascular frustration and conditions at which there is enough microdoze of medicinal substances. Contra-indications to medicinal electrophoresis are the same, as to galvanizing, and also individual intolerance of medicinal substances.