3. Put one suitable word in each space:

a) …. conclusion, I would like to than you all for your help.

b) …. It’s too late to finish the work today, we’ll come back tomorrow.

c) The flight was delayed…. a result of the high winds.

d) This radio is expensive, but …. The other hand it has very good reception.

e) First …. Al, I would like to welcome you to our annual dinner.

f) John is a hard worker. As …. as this, he is completely reliable.

g) Science has not entirely changed the way we think. …. instance, we still speak of the “sunrise” although we know it is the Earth that is moving.

h) Although this building project seems attractive, in my….. it would be a mistake to spend so much money on it.

4. Underline the most suitable word or phrase in each sentence:

1) Our local supermarket no longer opens every day, as/ on account of very few people live in our village.

2) There are a number of objections to the planned motorway. As well as this/ First of all, the new road will destroy valuable farming land. In contrast/ In addition to this, it will bring thousands of vehicles and tourists. As a result/ For example, our peaceful way of life will be destroyed forever.

3) We conducted a survey of accommodation in the town, and came up with some interesting results. The hotels we saw were rather expensive, and consequently/ moreover the actual facilities on offer were not always impressive. Besides this/ In contrast, there were many guest houses, offering just bed and breakfast, which were not only good value but also had much better rooms than the hotels did.

4) Flights are becoming cheaper, although/ however most people are aware of the damage they cause to their environment.

5) Wilson was dismissed from his job, in addition to/ on account of the seriousness of his offence.

6) Students are often not taught to think effectively. However/ as a result, they can become overwhelmed with information, as they cannot see the wood for the trees.

7) Alcohol drinking is strongly associated with the risk of liver cancer. Moreover/ None the less, there is some evidence suggesting that heavy alcohol consumption is particularly strongly associated with liver cancer among smokers.

8) Patience is not passive: on the other hand/ on the contrary, it is active; it is concentrated strength.

9) This Marie Smith’s marriage certificate is dated 4 June 1867. Accordingly/ In the same way, she cannot be the Marie Smith born in Liverpool on 12 November 1860.

10) Doctors concluded that the patient’s erratic behaviour was probably besides/ due to the mild concussion she suffered in the accident.

11) There are a number of advantages to consider. In a way/ First of all, there is the lower cost.

12) You could get it photocopied. Alternatively/ Instead, I could scan it into my computer.

13) Everyone attended the meeting, apart for/ from Mr Deacon, who was ill.

5. Complete the text using linking words:

Genetically modified foods are foods from plants (e.g. cotton, maize, tomatoes) which have been modified in a laboratory by inserting DNA from another organism. As a 1)…. of this process, the new plant variety will have some quality (e.g. resistance to certain pests, improved flavour) which makes it, in some 2) …. more valuable. 3) …. all, a GM plant can be specifically developed to suit certain conditions, and although the process produces similar results to normal plant selection to some 4)… genetic modification is quite a different way of creating new varieties of plants, 5) … to the range of possible modifications. 6)… to natural breeding techniques, which take place over a long period and may require thousands of plantings, genetic modifications can be made more efficiently, and targeted precisely at a specific need. 7)… the GM industry has come in for a great deal of criticism. Many people argue, that it is dangerous to release GM plants into the environment on 8) …. of their unusual characteristics. 9)….., critics stress that such plants are unnecessary. They argue that rather than creating potentially dangerous new varieties, we should be distributing food more efficiently. 10)…, as we see, GM foods have both advantages and disadvantages.