Rickets

Rickets is a softening of bones in children due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium, potentially leading to fractures and deformity. Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in many developing countries. The predominant cause is a vitamin D deficiency, but lack of adequate calcium in the diet may also lead to rickets (cases of severe diarrhea and vomiting may be the cause of the deficiency). Although it can occur in adults, the majority of cases occur in children suffering from severe malnutrition, usually resulting from famine or starvation during the early stages of childhood.

S igns and symptoms of rickets include:

• bone pain or tenderness

• dental problems

• muscle weakness (rickety myopathy or "floppy baby syndrome" or "slinky baby" (such that the baby is floppy or slinky-like)

• increased tendency for fractures (easily broken bones), especially greenstick fractures

• skeletal deformity

• hypocalcemia (low level of calcium in the blood)

• tetany (uncontrolled muscle spasms all over the body)

Types of rickets are

•Nutritional Rickets

•Vitamin D Resistant Rickets

•Vitamin D Dependent Rickets

•Type I

•Type II

•Congenital Rickets

•Newborn Rickets

	rickets	рахіт
	softening of bones	розм’якшення кісток
	vitamin D defeciency	нестача вітаміну Д
	impaired metabolism	погіршений метаболізм
	fracture	перелом
	predominant	переважаючий
	malnutrition	недоїдання
	starvation	голодування
	greenstick fracture	вивих
	tetany	титанія (судороги, м’язові скорочення в поєднанні із тремором м’язових волокон)
	congenital	вроджений
	slinky	злегка зігнутий

The spine curvature disorders

There are three main types of spine curvature disorders, including:

Lordosis. Also called swayback, the spine of a person with lordosis curves significantly inward at the lower back.

Kyphosis. Kyphosis is characterized by an abnormally rounded upper back (more than 50 degrees of curvature).

Scoliosis. A person with scoliosis has a sideways curve to their spine.

Symptoms vary depending on the type of spine curvature disorder and the severity of the condition.

S ymptoms of lordosis may include:

•Appearing swayback, with the buttocks being more pronounced

•Having a large gap between the lower back and the floor when lying on your back on a hard surface that does not change when you bend forward

•Back pain and discomfort

•Problems in moving in certain ways

Symptoms of kyphosis are usually visible in nature and include:

•Bending forward of the head compared to the rest of the body

•Hump or curve to the upper back

•Fatigue in back or legs

Postural kyphosis does not typically cause back pain; however, physical activity and long periods of standing and sitting can cause discomfort for people with Scheuermann's kyphosis.

Symptoms of scoliosis may include having:

•Uneven shoulder blades with one being higher than the other

•An uneven waist or hip

•Leaning toward one side

	curvature	кривизна, вигин, згин
	lordosis	лордоз
	kyphosis	кіфоз
	scoliosis	сколіоз
	abnormal	неправильний, патологічний
	rounded	круглий, заокруглений
	sideways curve	бокове викривлення
	severity of condition	складність стану
	surface	поверхня
	visible	видивий, очевидний
	buttocks	сідниці