Respiratory system

The main parts of the respiratory system are:

L ungs

The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. In the lungs oxygen is taken into the body and carbon dioxide is breathed out. The red blood cells are responsible for picking up the oxygen in the lungs and carrying the oxygen to all the body cells that need it. The red blood cells drop off the oxygen to the body cells, then pick up the carbon dioxide which is a waste gas product produced by our cells. The red blood cells transport the carbon dioxide back to the lungs and we breathe it out when we exhale.

Trachea

The trachea is sometimes called the windpipe. The trachea filters the air we breathe and branches into the bronchi.

Bronchi

The bronchi are two air tubes that branch off of the trachea and carry air directly into the lungs.

Diaphragm

Breathing starts with a dome-shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs called the diaphragm. When you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts. When it contracts it flattens out and pulls downward. This movement enlarges the space that the lungs are in. This larger space pulls air into the lungs. When you breathe out, the diaphragm expands reducing the amount of space for the lungs and forcing air out. The diaphragm is the main muscle used in breathing.

The Pathway

Air enters the nostrils passes through the nasopharynx, the oral pharynx through the glottis into the trachea into the right and left bronchi, which branches and rebranches into bronchioles, each of which terminates in a cluster of alveoli

Only in the alveoli does actual gas exchange takes place. There are some 300 million alveoli in two adult lungs. These provide a surface area of some 160 m2 (almost equal to the singles area of a tennis court and 80 times the area of our skin!).

1.	respiratory system	дихальна система
2.	oxygen	кисень
3.	carbon dioxide	вуглекислий газ
4.	to breathe out (to exhale)	видихати
5.	trachea (windpipe)	трахея
6.	air tubes	повітряні трубки
7.	dome-shaped	куполоподібний
8.	to contract	скорочуватися
9.	to expand	розширятися
10	breathing	дихання

Translate the English proverbs and give Ukrainian equivalents

1. “If the doctor cures, the sun sees it, but if he kills, the earth hides it”

2. “Who shall decide if doctors disagree?”

3. “Diet cures more than doctors”

4. “The evil wound may be cured but not the evil name”

Learn these words combinations. Make up sentences to show you understand the meaning

to breathe a new life into – вдихнути нове життя

to take smb.’s breath away – захоплювати дух

to waste onе’s breath – говорити на вітер

to catch (hold ) one’s breath – затамувати подих

Use these questions to make a dialogue

Do you have a dry or burning sensation in your mouth?

Are you troubled by bleeding gums?

Do you ever have a bad taste in the mouth?

Do you have an offensive odor of the breath?

Do you have a sore throat?

Do you have difficulty in swallowing?

Do you have your tonsils out?

Is your nose continually stuffed up?

Do you at times have bad nose bleeds?

When did you have your adenoids removed?

Do you often catch severe colds?

Do you frequently suffer from heavy chest colds?

Do you have to clear your throat frequently?

Do you raise any phlegm?

Is the sputum profuse?

Have you ever had a chronic chest condition?