Female reproductive system diseases

Endometriosis - a condition involving colonization of the abdominal/pelvic cavity with islands of endometrial tissue. Endometrium is the lining layer of the uterus which sloughs off with each menstruation. If endometrial tissue flushes up the uterine tube and spills into the abdomen (peritoneal cavity), the clots of endometrial tissue can attach to abdominal organs such as the bladder, rectum, intestinal loops and then cycle along with the uterus in response to monthly changes in ovarian hormones.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) – although males have a closed abdominal cavity, the female abdominal cavity has a direct anatomical path from the outside world via the female reproductive tract. Bacteria can make their way up the vagina, through the uterus, and traverse the uterine tubes which open into the abdominal cavity. Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity, the peritoneum, causes abdominal pain.

Prolapsed uterus – the uterus is almost directly above the vagina. In fact, the cervix, the neck region, of the uterus extends into the upper vagina. Ligaments hold the uterus in proper position so that it does not prolapse or herniate into the vagina. Severe prolapse can result in the uterine cervix protruding from the vaginal opening. Surgical repair is typically required to restore the uterus to its proper anatomical position.

Infections

The most common vaginal problem is vaginitis. Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina. In women of childbearing age, the most common cause of vaginitis is a bacterial infection. The main symptom is smelly vaginal discharge, but some women have no symptoms. Yeast infections can also cause vaginitis. A small amount of yeast is normal. But when your immune system can’t control yeast, it can multiply and cause a yeast infection. Another infection that can cause vaginitis is trichomoniasis. Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a parasite. Other sexually transmitted diseases, or STDS, may also cause vaginal problems. STDS are spread through having sex with someone who has the infection. There are more than 20 types of STDS. Antibiotics are the best treatment for bacterial infections and trichomoniasis.

1.	abdominal/pelvic cavity	черевна порожнина
2.	endometrium	слизова оболонка матки
3.	uterus	матка
4.	clots	згустки
5.	lining	оболонка
6.	cervix	шийка
7.	ligaments	зв’язка
8.	prolapsed uterus	випадання матки
9.	women of childbearing age	жінки дітородного віку
10.	vaginal discharge	вагінальні виділення
11.	least	дріжджі
12.	sexually transmitted disease	хвороба, що передається статевим шляхом