Childbirth

At childbirth a lot of things happen in the mother’s body. Before the baby is borne, it passes the membrane of the uterus, the cervix, the mouth of the uterus and the birth canal. Labour mostly starts with the opening and widening of the cervix. This goes together with contractions to make the tissues around the cervix softer and thinner. The waters might have already broken by then but that can also happen in a latter stage of labour. The contractions are usually irregular in the beginning and not very painful yet. In the course of time the contractions become more freguent and stronger.

The cervix needs to be 10 centimeters dilated before the baby can pass. During the final centimeters of dilation the contractions are the strongest. The duration of the dilation differs from woman to woman, the position of the baby and the number of childbirth’s somebody has had before. When the cervix is fully dilated, the pushing phase starts. This’s when the baby needs to be pushed down the birth canal. The dilating contractions shift into expulsion contractions. With the cephalic presentation the baby usually comes out head first and face down.

If the buttocks come first, the baby is breech. After the baby’s head is delivered, the shoulders still need to come out. If you look at the widest point the head is at right angles to the baby’s shoulders. So the baby has to take a quarter turn to let the shoulder be delivered. The doctor or nurse helps with the turning of the child. Once the baby is born, the afterbirth follows. The placenta and the membranes still need to come out. The uterus will contract so that the placenta peels away from the wall of the uterus. The mother will be asked to push one more time to get the placenta out and labor is done. When there is no more tangible heartbeat in the umbilical cord, it can be snipped.

CHILDBIRTH=DELIVERY=PATURITION=LABOUR

1.	opening /widening of the cervix	відкриття/розширення матки
2.	contractions	скорочення
3.	childbirth=delivery=paturition=labour	пологи
4.	to delate	розширюватися
5.	the pushing phase	фаза проштовхування плоду
6.	expulsion contractions	фаза виходу голови плоду
7.	cephalic presentation	головне передлежання
8.	breech baby	дитина в сідничному передлежанні
9.	tangible heartbeat	відчутне серцебиття
10.	umbilical cord	пуповина

Hospital Births

If you decide to give birth in a hospital, you will encounter a variety of health professionals:

Obstetrician/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) are doctors with at least 4 additional years of training after medical school in women's health and reproduction, including both surgical and medical care. They can handle complicated pregnancies and also perform C-sections.

If you deliver in a hospital, you also might be able to use a certified nurse-midwife (CNM). CNMs are registered nurses who have a graduate degree in midwifery, meaning they're trained to handle low-risk pregnancies and deliveries. Most CNMs deliver babies in hospitals or birth centers, although some do home births.

In addition to obstetricians and CNMs, registered nurses (RNs) attend births to take care of the mother and baby. If you give birth in a teaching hospital, medical students or residents might be present during the birth. Some family doctors also offer prenatal care and deliver babies.

While you're in the hospital, if you choose or if it's necessary for you to receive anesthesia, it will be administered by a trained anesthesiologist. A variety of pain- control measures, including pain medication and local, epidural, and general anesthesia are available in the hospital setting.

Many women fear that a hospital setting will be cold and clinical, but that's not necessarily true. A hospital setting can accommodate a variety of birth experiences.

Traditional hospital births (in which the mother-to-be moves from a labor room to a delivery room and then, after the birth, to a semiprivate room) are still the most common option. Doctors "manage" the delivery with their patients. In many cases, women in labor are not allowed to eat or drink (possibly due to anesthesia or for other medical reasons), and they may be required to deliver in a certain position.

Pain medications are available during labor and delivery (if the woman chooses); labor may be induced, if necessary; and the fetus is usually electronically monitored throughout the labor. A birth plan can help a woman communicate her preferences about these issues, and doctors will abide by these as much possible.

In response to a push for more "natural" birth events, many hospitals now offer more modern options for low-risk births, often known as family-centered care. These may include private rooms with baths (birthing suites) where women can labor, deliver, and recover in one place without having to be moved.

Although a doctor and medical staff are still present, the rooms are usually set up to create a nurturing environment, with warm, soothing colors and features that try to simulate a home-like atmosphere that can be very comforting for new moms. Rooming in — when the baby stays with the mother most of the time instead of in the infant nursery — also may be available.

In addition, many hospitals offer a variety of childbirth and prenatal education classes to prepare parents for the birth experience and parenting classes after birth.

The number of people allowed to attend the birth varies from hospital to hospital.

In more traditional settings, as many as three support people are permitted to be with the mother during a vaginal birth. In a family-centered approach, more family members, friends, and sometimes even kids may be allowed. During a routine or nonemergency C-section, usually just one support person allowed.

	to give birth	народжувати
	to encounter	стикатися, зустрічатися
	obstetrician	акушер
	complicated pregnancу	ускладнена вагітність
	C- section	кесарів розтин
	labor	потуги
	certified nurse-midwife (CNM)	акушерка(дипломована)
	general anaesthesia	загальне знеболення
	hospital setting	лікувальний заклад
	prenatal care	допологове спостереження
	mother-to-be	майбутня мама
	delivery room	родильний зал
	to induce labor	стимулювати пологи
	infant nursery	догляд за новонародженими
	to abide	дотримуватися
	birthing suites	пологові палати-люкс
	medical staff	медичний персонал