3. Drugs used to treat bronchial asthma. Classification. Mechanisms of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.

1.Anti-inflammatory drugs:

A. Non-hormonal drugs:

1) Mast cell membrane stabilizers - inhibit the release of histamine.

-Intal

-KETOTYPHENE

2) Leukotriene receptor blockers:

-CINALUKAST

3) Antihistamines - block H1-histamine receptors and reduce bronchospasm, capillary permeability.

-Erius

B. Glucocorticoids:

-DEXAMETHAZONE

-HYDROCORTISON

2.Bronchodilator:

1) Stimulants of adrenergic receptors:

Beta 2-adrenergic agonists: salbutamol.

Beta 1, beta 2 - adrenergic agonists: izadrin.

2) Blockers of M-cholinergic receptors:

-ATROPINE

-METACIN

3) Methylxanthines (myotropic antispasmodics) - inhibit the transport of Ca ions through the slow channels of cell membranes, inhibit the degranulation of mast cells and the release of inflammatory mediators;

-THEOPHILLINE

-EUFILLIN

Side effects: allergies, tachycardia, dry mouth, tremors.

Contraindications: atropine-glaucoma, izadrin-heart disease, bleeding,

Izadrin - can cause tachycardia.

Salbutamol - does not cause tachycardia, does not change blood pressure.

four. Differences between chemotherapeutic agents and antiseptics. Basic principles of chemotherapy. Criteria for evaluating the chemotherapeutic activity of drugs.

Antiseptic agents are used to affect pathogens on the surface of the human body.

Chemotherapeutic agents are drugs of various chemical groups with antimicrobial and antiviral properties that suppress the vital activity of pathogens in the human body. By retarding the growth or causing the death of pathogens, they should not disrupt the basic functions of the human body (macroorganism).

Chemotherapy drugs must necessarily come into contact with the causative agent of the disease in the patient's body.

Basic principles of chemotherapy

1. Establishing an accurate bacteriological diagnosis, rational choice of a chemotherapeutic drug, determining the sensitivity of a microorganism

2. If it is impossible to carry out appropriate studies - the appointment of drugs with a wide spectrum of action.

3. Early start of treatment.

4. Creation and maintenance in the body of a constant effective concentration of the chemotherapeutic substance

5. To prevent the development of resistant strains of microorganisms, it is recommended to use chemotherapeutic agents in combination

6. Correct determination of the duration of treatment.

7. Along with the appointment of chemotherapeutic agents, measures should be taken to enhance the defenses of the macroorganism

Evaluation criteria - high activity, pronounced selectivity of action, antimicrobial spectrum, bactericidal nature of action, permeability through biological membranes (BBB), effectiveness in different biological media, development of resistance in microbes, sensitization of a macroorganism, absence of side effects, minimal toxicity, breadth of therapeutic action, as well as technical availability of manufacturing, low cost.