2.Tranquilizers. Classification. Action mechanism. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of preparations.

Tranquilizers- substances that have a depressing effect mainly on the central nervous system. Eliminate negative emotional reactions (feelings of fear, anxiety, dissatisfaction, and at the same time - have a weak muscle relaxant effect.

Classification of tranquilizers:

1. Benzodiazepine receptor agonists.

2. Serotonin receptor agonists.

3. Substances of different types of action (amizil, trioxazine, etc.).

Benzodiazepine receptor agonists:

- long-acting (phenazepam, diazepam)

-medium duration (oxazepam, lorazepam)

-short-acting (midazolam)

1. Benzodiazepine receptor agonists interact with benzodiazepine receptors associated with GABA receptors. Facilitate the release of GABA, enhancing its central inhibitory effect.

In addition, tranquilizers inhibit the inactivation of the inhibitory mediator adenosine, block calcium and sodium channels of neurons.

Two groups of drugs: sedative tranquilizers. They have more pronounced sedative, anti-anxiety, anti-phobic, muscle relaxant and hypnotic properties. Phenazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, oxazepam. Side effects: lethargy, drowsiness, slowing down of thought processes and motor reactions, especially in the first days of admission. Further, they are smoothed out. It is impossible to prescribe drugs to persons driving transport, patients with alcoholism, drug addiction.

Daytime tranquilizers... They have a mild sedative effect. Eliminate the symptoms of fear and anxiety. They are practically devoid of hypnotic and muscle relaxant effects. Medazepam

Anti-anxiety action: phenazepam> diazepam> chlordiazepoxide> temazepam> oxazepam> nitrazepam> clonazepam.

Sleeping effects: phenazepam> nitrazepam> temazepam> diazepam> chlordiazepoxide> clonazepam> oxazepam.

Anticonvulsant activity: clonazepam> diazepam> nitrazepam> temazepam> chlordiazepoxide> oxazepam.

1. Serotonin receptor agonists - buspirone.

Interact with serotonin receptors. When acting on receptors, the functional activity of serotonergic neurons in the nuclei of the suture and the limbic system decreases, which is accompanied by an anti-anxiety effect. There is no sedative, anti-convulsive, muscle-relaxing effect.

Indications: neurological, neurosis-like, psychopathic conditions, anxiety, fear, irritability, epilepsy

Contraindications myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, respiratory failure, breathing disorders during sleep, pregnancy, childhood.

Side mental, physical dependence, drowsiness, muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea.

2. MEANS FOR ENHANCING THE SECRETION OF THE GLANDS OF THE STOMACH. MEANS OF SUBSTITUTIONAL THERAPY FOR GASTRIC HYPOSECRETION. CLASSIFICATION. MECHANISM OF ACTION. INDICATIONS.SIDE EFFECTS. CONTRAINDICATIONS. COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PREPARATIONS.

Substitution therapy involves compensating for the insufficient function of the glands by taking enzyme preparations obtained from the corresponding organs of the slaughtered cattle; Appetite stimulants are recognized to induce the secretion of the stomach's own glands.

1) Means used for diagnostic purposes

2) Means used for therapeutic purposes

3) Means of substitution therapy