Season 5

6. Homeopathy, basic principles. Evaluation of the homeopathic treatment method.

Homeopathy- a system of treatment with small doses of drugs. Proposed at the end of the 18th century by the German physician Hahnemann. He proved that the paradoxical fact of curing the disease with "similarly acting" drugs has a certain pattern. Hahnemann called this pattern "the law of similarity." This is how homeopathy arose - a method of treating diseases through the use of similar-acting agents. After homeopathic influence, five variants of the prognosis are possible: 1. Preservation of health (absence of diseases) 2. Rapid improvement of well-being and recovery 3. A short-term (up to several days) intensification of the manifestations of the disease for which homeopathic treatment was used is an option for the correct treatment of chronic diseases (skin, joints, nervous system, etc.), followed by an improvement in the patient's condition ("convalescence", " remission "), or recovery. 4. Lack of effect for several days after taking homeopathic remedies - possibly after taking "slow" drugs (heavy metal salts) 5. Deterioration of well-being, the appearance of new, unfamiliar and unusual symptoms for the patient - indicates improper treatment that requires immediate correction.

43. Curariform funds. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of the drug.

Curariform funds - drugs that block neuromuscular transmission and relax skeletal muscles.

Classification:

1) Antidepolarizing- tubocurarine, pancuronium.

Mechanism of action: block H-cholinergic receptors and prevent the depolarizing effect of acetylcholine.

2) Depolarizing-ditilin

Mechanism of action: excite H-cholinergic receptors and cause persistent depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.

3) Mixed action-dioxonium.

Muscle Relaxation Procedure: first the muscles of the head and neck, then the limbs, trunk, respiratory, the last - the diaphragm.

Indications:during operations to relax muscles, to facilitate intubation, for reposition of bone fragments and in case of dislocations, with tetanus and strychnine poisoning. They are not absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract - they are administered parenterally. Apply only if there are conditions for performing the arts of breathing.

Contraindications: diseases of the liver, kidneys, senile age, myasthenia gravis.

Side: muscle pain after surgery, increased blood pressure, arrhythmia, increased IOP

Tubocurarine - lowers blood pressure, increases the tone of the bronchi.

Pancuronium - M-anticholinergic action on the heart (tachycardia).

Ditilin - arrhythmias, increased blood pressure and intraocular pressure, muscle pain after surgery.

Dioxonium - lasts 20-40 minutes.

70. Expectorants. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.

Expectorants - These are drugs that change the properties of sputum and facilitate its passage when coughing with very viscous, difficult to separate sputum.

Classification:

1. Coughing-up stimulants

   1. Reflexive drugs

NATURAL HERBS OF THERMOPSIS, NATURAL ROOT OF MALT, NATURAL ROOT OF IPECACUANA, GLITSIRE, MUCALTIN, LICORINE, ALTEA ROOT, NATURAL LEAVES MOTHER - AND - MOTHER

2. Resorptive drugs

A. Salt preparations: POTASSIUM IODIDE, SODIUM IODIDE, AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

B. Containing essential oils: TERPINGHYDRATE, THYME HERB, ANISE FRUIT, ANISE DROPS, Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus Tincture, Pine Kidneys

3. Combined drugs: DOCTOR MOM PECTUSSIN PULMEX

ADULT COUGH MIXTURE, DRY

CHILDREN'S COUGH POTION DRY

COLLECTION OF THE BREAST

CHEST ELEXIR Mucolytic drugs

1) Proteolytic enzymes

TRIPSIN, CHIMOTRIPSIN, RIBONUCLEASE, DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE, PROFESIM, TERRLITIN

2) thiol-containing drugs

ACETYLCYSTEINE, MISTARBONE

3) Preparations of the carbocisteine ​​group

CARBOCYSTEINE

4. Mucoregulators

BROMHEXY, AMBROXOL, LAZOLVAN

2. Mucous secretion rehydrants

ALKALINE MINERAL WATER, SODIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM HYDROCARBONATE, SODIUM BENZOATE

Mechanism of action:

1) The reflex type of action has an irritating effect on the receptors of the stomach, which reflexively excites the center of the vagus in the medulla oblongata. There is a stimulation of the secretion of the mucous glands of the bronchi, dilution of bronchial secretions, increased motility of the bronchial muscles.

2) Preparations of resorptive action absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, then secreted by the bronchial mucosa, increase bronchial secretion, thin phlegm and facilitate expectoration.

3) Mucolytic drugs liquefy phlegm by affecting the physical and chemical properties of the phlegm.