3) Anti-atherosclerotic drugs. Classification, Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation.

1. Lipid-lowering drugs

A. Drugs that lower blood levels predominantly of cholesterol

a) inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis LOVASTATIN MEVASTATIN SIMVASTATIN

b) Inhibitors of absorption of cholesterol from the intestine EZETIMIB

c) drugs that increase the excretion of bile acids and cholesterol from the body CHOLESTYRAMINE COLESTIPOL

d) different drugs PROBUKOL

B. Drugs that lower blood levels of mainly triglycerides

a) derivatives of fibric acid GEMFIBROSIL FENOFIBRATE CLOFIBRATE

B. Drugs that lower blood cholesterol and triglycerides

NICOTINIC ACID

2. Endotheliotropic drugs

a) antioxidants PARMIDINE TOCOPHEROL ASCORBIC ACID

b) antiplatelet agents NICOTINIC ACID DIPIRIDAMOL PARMIDINE

3. Lipotropic drugs

LIPOCAINE. LIPAMIDE ESSENTIALE

Cholesterol synthesizer inhibitors - statins. The mechanism of action of statins is related to their ability to suppress the enzyme responsible for the formation of mevalonic acid, which is a precursor of cholesterol. In addition to the lipid-lowering effect, statins inhibit the development of smooth muscle cells - they prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Patients receiving statins should be regularly tested for hepatic transaminase activity. Indications for taking statins - acute or chronic exacerbations of liver disease MEDOSTATIN

Indications - primary hypercholesterolemia -increased blood cholesterol -

Side effects - taste disturbance, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, constipation - headache, sleep disturbances, convulsions - hemolytic anemia, leukopenia

Contraindications - surge arrester -pregnancy Lactation -increased sensitivity

NICOTINIC ACID - under its influence, the ratio of cholesterol / phospholipids in LDL decreases, while the content of cholesterol and phospholipids in LDL increases

Indications - for all GLP except the first type

Side effects - redness of the face, a feeling of rush of blood to the head - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea - attacks of angina pectoris

Contraindications -intolerance -stomach ulcer -good -sd

4) Antimalarial drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action, indications for use. Contraindications Side Effects Comparative assessment of preparations. Classification of antimalarial drugs by chemical affiliation of drugs

P / p #	Group chemical compounds	A drug
one.	4-methanolquinoline derivatives	quinine, mefloquine
2.	7-chloroquinolines	hingamin (delagil)
3.	4-Aminoquinolines	chloroquine, amodiaquine
four.	Acridines	akrikhin, aminoacriquine,
five.	8-Aminoquinolines	primaquine, quinocide
6.	Biguanides	bigumal
7.	Diaminopyrimidines	chloridine, trimethoprim
eight.	Sulfonamides	sulfapyridazine, sulfamethoxin, sulfalene, sulfadimethoxine
nine.	Tetracyclines	tetracycline, doxycycline
10.	Combined drugs	fancidar

Classification of antimalarial drugs according to the spectrum of antimalarial action

Spectrum of action	Drugs
1. Blood schizocytic drugs (destroy asexual forms of plasmodia in the stage of schizogony in erythrocytes)	Quinine, Akrikhin, hingamin, chloridine, fancidar
2. Primary tissue schizontocytic agents (affect the pre-erythrocytic tissue forms of plasmodia)	Bigumal, chloridin, fancidar
3. Secondary tissue schizontocytic agents (destroy para-erythrocytic tissue forms of plasmodia)	Chloridine, primaquine, hinocid, fancidar
4. Gametocidal agents (inhibit the development of gametes)	Quinocid, primaquine, chloridine, fancidar
5. Sporontocidal agents (block the sexual development cycle of gametes in the body of a mosquito)	Bigumal, chloridin, fancidar

By the mechanism of action of group 2: Group 1 includes antimalarial drugs with a strong schizontocidal effect. The mechanism of action of these drugs is not specific. They disrupt the properties of both microbial DNA and human cells. This group includes acriquine, chloroquine, primaquine and quinine.

The drugs of the second group are characterized by schizontocidal action, which occurs rather slowly. Resistance to them develops easily both in experiment and in practice. Their mechanism of action is specific. They competitively displace para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) from the enzyme systems of the microbial cell, but they cannot perform the function of this metabolite. The drugs either interfere with the conversion of PABA to folic acid, or block dihydrofolic reductase. They have no effect on the cells of the macroorganism. This group includes bigumal, chloridine and their derivatives, as well as sulfonamides.