Indications:

• Acute cystitis, prevention of exacerbations in chronic pyelonephritis, prevention of infectious complications in urology (operations, cystoscopy, catheterization)

NB! In acute pyelonephritis, they are not used, because poorly penetrate the kidney tissue

Nifuroxazide (Enterofuril)used for intestinal infections (acute infectious diarrhea, enterocolitis). Practically not absorbed in the digestive tract. Does not disturb the normal intestinal microflora

Furazolidoneis currently used only for giardiasis as a reserve drug. NB! In combination with alcohol, it can cause a teturam-like reaction. Inhibits MAO, therefore, in combination with other MAO inhibitors, sympathomimetics, tricyclic antidepressants and tyramine-containing foods, there is a risk of developing a hypertensive crisis

Nifuratel (makmiror) used for intestinal infections (acute infectious diarrhea, enterocolitis), giardiasis, intestinal amebiasis, trichomonas vulvovaginitis

Furacilin is used as an antiseptic for treating wounds, skin, mucous membranes, for washing serous and articular cavities

Side effects

Hepatotoxicity: cholestasis, jaundice, hepatitis

Hematotoxicity: hemolytic anemia (with a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in erythrocytes), leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia

Neurotoxicity: dizziness, nystagmus, intracranial hypertension, paresthesia

Gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting (taken with or after meals)

Allergic reactions

Pulmonary reactions (furadonin): bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis

Teturam-like effect (furazolidone)

Tyramine syndrome (furazolidone)

Ticket 44.

1. The dependence of the effect on the dose (concentration) of the active substance. The breadth of the therapeutic action. The value of the choice of dosage forms and methods of drug administration.

Depending on the dose of the drug, the rate of development of the effect, its severity, duration, and sometimes character change. Usually, with an increase in the dose (concentration), the latency period decreases and the severity and duration of the effect increases. Dose is the amount of a substance per dose. It is indicated in grams or fractions of a gram. For a more accurate dosage of drugs, their amount is calculated per 1 kg of body weight. Sometimes substances are dosed based on the size of the body surface (per 1 m ^ 2) Therapeutic doses: • minimum (threshold) therapeutic dose - the minimum amount of a drug that causes a therapeutic effect; • average therapeutic dose - the range of doses in which the drug has the optimal prophylactic or therapeutic effect in most patients; • maximum therapeutic dose - the maximum amount of a drug that does not have a toxic effect. Lethal doses: • minimum lethal dose (LD10) - the dose causing death in 10% of cases; • average lethal dose (LD50) - the dose causing death in 50% of cases; • maximum lethal dose (LD100) - the dose that causes the death of all poisoned animals. The therapeutic range is the range between the average and maximum therapeutic doses. To achieve a quick therapeutic effect, drugs are sometimes prescribed in shock doses (antibiotics, sulfonamides). Drugs capable of cumulation are used in maintenance doses. In pediatric practice, drugs are dosed based on the weight or surface of the child's body. The method of administration of the drug is directly related to its dosage form. So liniment is applied externally, rubbing with a thin layer on the affected area. Tablets are used enterally, and solutions in ampoules are used parenterally.