2. Sedatives. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use Side effects Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.

Sedatives- Drugs that have a regulating effect on the functions of the central nervous system, enhancing the processes of inhibition and lowering the processes of arousal.

Classification:

1) Bromides: sodium bromide, potassium bromide.

Mechanism of action: increases the processes of inhibition to the process of excitation.

Indications: neurasthenia, neurosis, hysteria, increased irritability, insomnia, the initial form of hypertension.

Side effects: with prolonged use, the phenomena of bromism develop (skin rash, rhinitis, bronchitis, weakening of memory, hearing, vision), cough, runny nose, weakness.

2) Herbal preparations: valerian tincture, valerian infusion, thick valerian extract, motherwort tincture and extract, novo-passit.

Mechanism of action: suppresses the processes of excitation before inhibition.

Indications: CVS neuroses, insomnia, increased nervous excitement.

Side effects: allergies.

3) Combined drugs: corvalol, valocordin.

Indications for use: nervousness, irritability, neurasthenia, insomnia, of a particular neurological nature.

Contraindications: kidney disease.

3. Anti-inflammatory drugs of steroid structure. Classification Mechanism of action Indications for use Side effects Contraindications Comparative assessment of drugs

Classification: HYDROCORTISON; PREDISOLON; DEXAMETHAZONE; TRIAMCINOLONE

Fur acts: they inhibit the production of cytokines (IL1, TNFa) by inhibiting the activity of phospholipase A2.

Indications: Allergic eye diseases (eyelid dermatitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis); Inflammatory diseases of the anterior part of the eye in the absence of a violation of the integrity of the corneal epithelium (blepharitis, conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis);

Thermal and chemical burns of the eyes (after complete epithelialization of corneal defects.

Side effects: allergic reactions - burning; slowing down the wound healing process; strengthen the existing infectious process.

Contraindications: hypersensitivity to drug components; purulent, viral, tuberculous, fungal eye diseases; Glaucoma; Trachoma; Vaccination period.

Prednisolone is 3-4 times superior in anti-inflammatory activity to hydrocortisone.

Dexamethasone as an anti-inflammatory agent is approximately 30 times more active than hydrocortisone, while the effect on water-salt metabolism is minimal.

4. Antibiotics of the group of Lincosamides and Glycopeptides. Classification. Mechanisms of action. The nature of the action. Spectrum of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.

Lincosamides: classification: LINKOMYCIN; CLINDAMICIN

• fur action: violation of protein synthesis on ribosomes

• nature of action: bacteriostatic

• spectrum of actions: G +, cocci, non-spore-forming anaerobes

• indications: sepsis; osteomyelitis; pneumonia; abscess; endometritis

• side effects: nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; stomach ache; allergic reactions; thrombocytopenia; leukopenia

• contraindications: liver disease, kidney disease, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity

● Glycopeptides. Classification: VANCOMYCIN, TEICOPLANIN

• fur action: violation of cell wall synthesis

nature of action: bactericidal

• spectrum of actions: G +, multi-resistant strains

• indications: pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis; abscess

• side effects: hyperemia of the face, neck; skin rash; hives; fever; tachycardia

• contraindications: hypersensitivity, pregnancy, lactation

Clindamycin is stronger than lincomycin, it does not penetrate the BBB. Vancomycin - penetrates the BBB, is toxic (nephro, oto). Lincomycin - accumulates in bone tissue, most effective in the treatment of bone diseases.