3). Leukopoiesis stimulants. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.

Sodium nucleinate (the sodium salt of a nucleic acid obtained from yeast);

Pentoxyl (pyrimidine derivative);

Molgramostim (recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor);

Methyluracil (pyrimidine derivative).

Mechanism: stimulate and regulate leukopoiesis (stimulate proliferation, differentiation and function of leukocytes).

Indications: sodium nucleinate and pentoxil are used for leukopenia and agranulocytosis (agranulocytic angina, with poisoning with a number of chemicals, with radiation sickness); molgramostim - with the inhibition of leukopoiesis associated with chemotherapy of tumors, in the complex therapy of AIDS).

Side: pentoxil - dyspeptic symptoms; molgramostim - nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, hyperthermia, allergic reactions;

Contraindications: acute and chronic leukemic forms of leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, malignant bone marrow diseases.

Pentoxil - anabolic and anti-catabolic effect, increases cell regeneration, wound healing, increases cellular and humoral defense factors, anti-inflammatory effect. It is used only in milder forms, in severe forms it is contraindicated. Cannot be used for leukemia, bone marrow cancer.

Molgramostim, in addition to stimulating leukopoiesis, also stimulates erythropoiesis. Filgrastim - increases the proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte precursors and neutrophil activity.

four). Classification of antibiotics.

1.By chemical structure:

● b-lactam (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams)

● Macrolides and azalides

● Aminoglycosides

● Tetracyclines

● Lincosamides

● Glycopeptides

● Amphenicol

● Polymyxins

● Phosphonates

● Polyenes

● Rifamycins

2. By the nature of the action on the bacterial cell:

–Bactericidal (causing the death of bacteria)

–Bacteriostatic (stopping the growth and division of bacteria)

3. By the mechanism of action:

–Disorders of cell wall synthesis

- Violating the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane

–Disorders of protein synthesis on ribosomes

–Disorders of RNA synthesis

4. According to the spectrum of antimicrobial action:

–Preparations of a wide spectrum of action

–Preparations with a predominant effect on Gr (+) flora

–Preparations with a predominant effect on Gr (-) flora

–Antifungal antibiotics

5. For clinical use:

–Basic antibiotics (drugs of choice)

–Reserved antibiotics (alternative)

6. By sources of receipt:

–Natural (biosynthetic)

- semi-synthetic

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one). Formation and development of the Department of Pharmacology of the Kuban State Medical University (P.P. Avrorov, I.E. Akopov, A.I. Ostroumov, etc.).

The Department of Pharmacology was founded in 1922. The first head of the department was Professor Pavel Petrovich Avrorov - an outstanding scientist, teacher and public figure, widely known for his works on the study of the effect on the body of complete starvation, alcohol, as well as on the cultivation of tissues outside the body. He organized and equipped the Department of Pharmacology, providing it with everything necessary for the deployment of the educational process and scientific research. During this period P.P. Avrorov pays much attention to the pharmacodynamic study of the Psekup mineral springs of the Goryachy Klyuch resort, as well as Gelendzhik, Talgi, and others. Avrorov spent on improving the methods of experimental research. After the death of P.P. Avrorov since 1940, the department was headed by Associate Professor Ya.L. Levin. These scientists have proposed a number of improvements in the methods of pharmacological research. Since 1958, the department was headed by Professor Ivan Emmanuilovich Akopov. During this period, the main scientific problem of the department was "Pharmacology of the process of blood coagulation and hemostasis". During his scientific and pedagogical activity (1945 - 1974) I.E. Akopov has trained more than 40 candidates and 3 doctors of medical sciences. The result of scientific research was the introduction into medical practice of drugs intoxicating logachilus, which has hemostatic, sedative, antihypertensive and Akopov has trained more than 40 candidates and 3 doctors of medical sciences. The result of scientific research was the introduction into medical practice of drugs intoxicating logachilus, which has hemostatic, sedative, antihypertensive and Akopov has trained more than 40 candidates and 3 doctors of medical sciences. The result of scientific research was the introduction into medical practice of drugs intoxicating logachilus, which has a hemostatic, sedative, antihypertensive and

hyposensitizing properties. Under the leadership of I.E. Akopov, in the Kuban, the organization of an allergological service began to combat regional pathology - ragweed polynosis.

Since 1974, the department has been headed by one of I.E. Akopov professor Arkady Ivanovich Ostroumov. During this period, along with the study of the pharmacology of blood coagulation and hemostasis, pharmacotherapy of allergic diseases becomes one of the main problems of the department. In Krasnodar and many other cities of the region, allergological centers are being created, which are still functioning. A large research work carried out by A.I. Ostroumov, nominated him among the leading allergists in our country and Europe.

In 1980 - 1981, the duties of the head of the department were performed by Professor Vera Mikhailovna Yadrova. During this period, studies were continued on the problem of "Pharmacology of blood coagulation and hemostasis", a lot of educational and methodological work was carried out.

In 1981, Professor Pavel Alexandrovich Galenko-Yaroshevsky was elected to the post of head of the Department of Pharmacology.