3. Preparations of water-soluble vitamins. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.

Classification:

B1- Thiamine- Thiamine bromide, Thiamine chloride, phosphotiamine, benzothiamine

B2 - Riboflavin - Riboflavin mononucleotide, Riboflavin

B3 (PP) - Nicotinic acid - Nicotinic acid, Nicotinamide

B5-to-that Pantothenic - Calcium pantothenate

B6-Pyridoxine-Pyridoxine hydrochloride

B12-Cyanocobalamin

All-to-that folic

C-to-that Ascorbic

Vit C Mechanism: participates in the OM system, in the transport of hydrogen, in the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, collagen, hormones of the adrenal cortex, in erythropoiesis, increases the antitoxic, protein and glycogen-forming function of the liver. Used for infections, radiation sickness, trauma, anemia, hemorrhagic diathesis. side effects: With prolonged use and administration of large doses, it inhibits the insular apparatus of the pancreas and, indirectly, the kidneys, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.

Vit B1 - absorbed from the intestine, phosphorylated, and converted into thiamine pyrophosphate-coenzyme decarboxylases, i.e. decarboxylation of pyruvic acid, a-ketoglutaric acid, as well as transketolase, which is involved in the pentose phosphate pathway of glucose breakdown. Avitaminosis is a beriberi disease. It is used for diseases of the nervous system, ulcer and duodenal ulcer, hypo and anacid gastritis, myocardial dystrophy, coronary insufficiency, arrhythmias, paresis. Side effects are sometimes allergies.

Vit B6 - phosphorylated in the body, → coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. Participates in decarboxylation, deamination, amino acid transamination, tryptophan metabolism. Avitaminosis - dermatitis, growth disorders, convulsions, anemia. Applied for violations of protein metabolism, erythropoiesis, atherosclerosis, paresis, paralysis, trauma, with toxicosis of pregnant women. Side effects - well tolerated, sometimes allergies

Vit PP - is a part of the coenzymes NAD and NADP, participates in tissue respiration, in detoxification, with dehydrogenesis in oxidative processes. It has a pronounced, but short-term vasodilating effect. Avitaminosis - pellagra. It is used for diseases of the CVS, liver, gastritis with low acidity, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular spasms, and poisoning. Side effects - with long-term use in large doses, fatty degeneration of the liver.

Vit B12 - Mechanism: turns into a co-factor, participates in the transfer of mobile methyl groups (transmethylation process) and hydrogen. Thanks to these processes, the influence on the exchange of proteins and nucleic acids is carried out. Hypovitaminosis: diseases of the small intestine, congenital or acquired deficiency. Used for anemia, radiation sickness, liver disease, after surgery and infections. Side effects: well tolerated, sometimes causes an increase in blood clotting.

Folic acid - in the liver it is converted into the active coenzyme form 5.6.7.8 tetrahydrofolic acid, which attaches and transfers one-carbon groups, THPK is involved in the synthesis of pyrimidines, purines, the metabolism of nucleic acids and proteins. Used for macrocytic anemia, for sprue, radiation sickness, in newborns.