Pirovnebis fsiqologiis sami dilema

დილემა 1.

NomoTeturi vs idiografiuli

fsiqologiis amocanaa, da, kerZod, pirovnebis fsiqologiisac, pirovnebis aRwera da axsna. am mizans emsaxureboda da emsaxureba aTeulobiT Teoria, romlebic, bunebrivia, erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba, magram yvela maTganisTvis is aris saerTo, rom pirovnebis aucilebel Tvisebad ganixilaven mis ganumeoreblobas, anu unikalobas da stabilurobas. swored pirovnebis unikalurobis gamo Tavidanve daisva sakiTxi, pirovneba nomoTetur mecnierebaTa kategorias unda mivakuTvnoT Tu - ideografiulis. ganvixiloT am kategoriebis arsi. es sakiTxi erT-erTma pirvelma me-19 saukunis bolos (1994) filosofosma vindelbandma daayena, romelsac undoda mecnierebebi erTmaneTisgan ara sagniT ganesxvavebina, rogorc manamde xdeboda, aramed - meTodologiis safuZvelze. nomoTeturi midgoma bunebismetyveluri mecnierebis pozicias gamoxatavs da moiTxovs movlenis zogad kanonzomierebaTa dadgenas. Nnomos niSnavs kanons. nomoTeturi midgomis sawinaaRmdegod idiografiuli pozicia moiTxovs ara zogadi kanonzomierebebis dadgenas, aramed konkretuli, erTeuli adamianis ganumeoreblobis Seswavlas. (Idio calkeuls niSnavs). es aris kulturis Sesaxeb istoriul mecnierebaTa meTodi, romlis arsic mdgomareobs individualuri Taviseburebebis aRweraSi RirebulebebTan mikuTvnebis safuZvelze. Rirebulebis Semotana xels uwyobs kulturuli fenomenebis bunebismetyveluri movlenebisgan garCevas. Tu bunebismetyveleba adgens da azogadebs kanonebs, istoria individualizacias akeTebs, movlenaTa uTvalavi simravlidan gamohyofs istoriul movlenas , istoriul individums.

vindelbands Tavisi mosazrebis damadasturebel magaliTad fsiqologia mohyavda, da ambobda, rom fsiqologiis sagani sulia, magram meTodebi bunebismetyveluri, fsiqologia fsiqikur movlenaTa zogad kanonzomierebebs adgens da amdenad nomoTeturi mecnierebaao. es mosazreba ar gaiziara Sternma, diferencialuri fsiqologiis fuZemdebelma, rasac vindelbandic daeTanxma. rogorc cnobilia, diferencialuri fsiqologiis amocanaa gansxvavebis Seswavla, rac calkeuli pirovnebis da calkeuli fsiqikuri gamovlenis Seswavlas ukavSirdeba. amdenad, erTi SexedviT, diferencialuri fsiqologia (pirovnebis fsiqologia) idiografiuli mecnierebebis moTxovnas ufro akmayofilebda, vidre nomoTeturisas. Sternma Tavisi moZRvrebiT SesZlo daesabuTebina, rom diferencialuri (pirovnebis) fsiqologiis mimarT, sazogadod, sakiTxis dasma, nomoTeturi mecnierebaa igi Tu idiografiuli, ar SeiZleba. pirovnebis fsiqologia, erTdroulad nomoTeturic aris da idiografiulic. MmaTi dapirispireba ar aris marTebuli. calkeuli, konkretuli pirovnebis Secnoba mxolod zogadi kanonzomierebebis SecnobiT sruli saxiT ver moxerxdeba. KkerZo, erTeul movlenebSic (pirovnebaSi) arsebobs gauTvaliswinebeli SemTxvevebi, romlebmac arsebiTi gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinon am pirovnebis formirebaze: “ me rom SemTxvevT X-s ar Sevxvedrodi . . .” an “me rom SemTxveviT es wigni ar Camvardnoda xelSi. . .” . unda gvaxsovdes, rom konkretul pirovnebaSi arsebobs rogorc zogadi, ise idiografuli kamonzomierebebi. Aamitom orives gaTvaliswinebaa saWiro. ATumca sakiTxsac gaaCnia: erT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba erTis win wamoweva ufro iyos saWiro, meore SemTxvevaSi ki –meoris. (isic unda gvaxsovdes , rom es mimarTeba K(komplementarobis, igive damatebiTobis, igive asimtotas principi) ara mxolod fsiqologiisTvis, aramed sxva mecnierebebisTvisac WeSmaritia. rogorc fizikosi, nobelis premiis laureati Gell-mann miuTiTebs, am samyaroSi yvelaferi martivi wesebisa da SemTxveviTobebis Sedegia.. martivi wesebi erTeulis -kerZos garkveul sazRvrebSi mecnierulad axsnis SesaZleblobas gvaZleven, magram yovelTvis rCeba SemTxveviTobebis safuZvelze axsnis saWiroeba, romelTa winaswarmetyveleba SeuZlebelia, mxolod post factum xdeba maTi gaTvaliswineba