Economy of the usa

The American economy is a free enterprise system. The nation’s income and productivity have risen enormously over the past 70 years. In this period, the money for personal consumption tripled in real purchasing power. The gross national product per capita quadrupled, reflecting growth in worker productivity.

Together, all sectors of the American economy produce almost $4,000 million dollars’ worth of goods and services annually, and each year they turn out almost $ 190,000 million more. The consumption of these goods and services is spread widely. Most Americans consider themselves members of the middle economic class, and relatively few are extremely wealthy or extremely poor. According to U.S. Census Bureau figures, 9.6 percent of all American families make more than $50,000 a year, and 7.7 percent of all American families have incomes less than $10,000; the median annual income for all American families is about $28,906.

Americans live in a variety of housing that includes single detached homes (62 percent) with a median cost of $112,500. They also live in apartments, town houses and mobile homes. Three-fourths of all married couples own their own homes. About 3.6 percent of all Americans live in public (government-supplied or subsidized) housing.

The government plays an important role in the economy. as is the case in all countries. From the foundation of the Republic, the U.S. federal government has strongly supported the development of transportation. It financed the first major canal system and later subsidized the railroads and the airlines. It has developed river valleys and built dams and power stations. It has extended electricity and scientific advice to farmers, and assures them a minimum price for their basic crops. It checks the purity of food and drugs, insures bank deposits and guarantees loans. Despite the fact that the United States government supports many segments of the nation’s economy, economists estimate that the public sector accounts for only one-fifth of American economic activity, with the remainder in private hands.

Now read the text and answer these questions:

1. What is the American economy?

2. What is the result of the nation’s income and productivity increase?

3. What is the economic status of Americans?

4. What role does the US government play in the economy?

5. What was (and what is) the role of the US federal government?

Complete the following sentences according to the text:

1. The US economy is …

2. Over the past 70 years the GNP …

3. All sectors of the US economy produce …

4. The median annual income …

5. As in the case in all countries, the US Government …

Complete the table with the derivatives:

Verb	Noun	Adjective	Adverb

Money, possible, current, able, possibly, speculate, currently, monetary, speculative, day, speculation, value (2), press, ability, daily (2), be able to, speculatively, possibility, valuable, pressure, currency, speculator, make possible

Specialize, judgement, productive, dependent, repetitive, special, perform, output, productivity, judge (2), divide, specialization, independently, repeat (2), responsibility, entire, relative (2), entirely, put out, depend on, performance, responsible, division, interdependence, reduce, produce (2), reduction.

Вариант 7.

Задание 1.

Подберите к следующим вопросам ответы:

1. Was there any water in that bottle? 1. I can. 

2. What is the train fare from Moscow to Vnukovo? 2. I did it because of her.

3. Why did you do that: 3. About 400 rubles.

because of me or her?

4. Who can cook? 4. No, there wasn't.

Образуйте вопросы по образцу:

You can't speak Spanish. – You cannot speak Spanish, can you?

5. You haven't visited Oxford.

6. They were dancing very well.

Составьте вопрос, на который это предложение может быть ответом:

7. No, he didn't work yesterday.

Поставьте глагол Past Perfect, Past Simple или Past Continuous и переведите предложения:

8. By 5 o’clock yesterday he (to do) his homework and at six he (to watch) a film.

9. By two o’clock the boy (to come) home and at two he (to have) dinner.

10. When I (to ring) him up, he already (to do) his homework.

Заполнить пропуски, поставив глагол (в будущее совершенное время):

11. We … (finish) this work by two o’clock of the morning.

12. He … (visit) some European countries the next fall.

Задание 2.

Вставьте соответствующие предлоги:

1. The train is ____ the platform ____ the station.

2. I arrived ______ England last month.

3. The embankments ___the Neva are faced _____ granite.

4. The roof ... the house is very old.

Переведите на русский язык предложения с фразовыми глаголами:

5. We look forward to hearing from you.

6. I’ll look up this word in the dictionary.

7. I’m sorry but they have to break up.

8. Jane will look after your dog while you are on business.

Поставьте в предложения подходящие фразовые глаголы с предлогом on в необходимой грамматической форме: carry — try – hold – count – take — come — switch – be — put

9. You can … on these trousers in the fitting-room.

10. Don’t … on the TV during a heavy storm.

11. If you keep silence I will … on reading the fairy-tale.

12. I have to … on my scarf, I have a sore throat.

Задание 3.

Поставьте глагол в Present Simple или Present Continuous:

1. Ads (can help) you to know about new interesting information.

2. The children (sleep) for two hours every afternoon.

3. I (to dance) to the music at the concert now.

4. Where they (play)? – They ... at the stadium.

Исправьте:

5. Michael is married not. He live in Oxford.

Составьте вопросительное предложение Past Simple из данных слов:

6. Visit / you / art gallery / a / last / did / when?

Вставьте слова will/ to be going to.

7. They … play football at the institute.

Измените предложения, употребляя to be going to по образцу:

My intention is to watch a TV film tonight. I am going to watch a TV film tonight.

8. Our plan is to build a new cottage.

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous:

9. She … a new coat (to try on).

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание Participle I:

10. I saw the girl reading a book.

Раскройте скобки, употребив Participle I. Переведите предложение:

11. (To make) the report, Tom left the room. Выберите правильный вариант:

12. Mike (______) for his exam on Philosophy all day tomorrow.

work

is working

will be working

Задание 4.

Употребите следующие предложения в Past Progressive, уточняя действие наречиями:

Образец: I went to the cinema yesterday. – I was going to the cinema yesterday at three o` clock.

1. He (to read) a book yesterday.

Поставьте вопросы, на которые нижеследующие предложения могут быть ответами:

Образец: No, I was not playing chess at 6. – Were you playing chess at 6?

2. Yes, we were passing the British Museum yesterday at three p. m.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous:

3. He (to play) computer games from four until six yesterday.

4. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday.

Употребите Present Perfect.

5. My son (to play) computer games all day long yesterday.

6. The boy … just (to open) his eyes.

Допишите предложения при помощи слов: already, just, since, for, ever, yet:

7. They have … written this composition.

8. Has she … been to London?

Исправьте ошибки и напишите правильный вариант:

9. We is playing tennis at the moment.

10. They are listening to the concert yesterday at 4 p.m.

11. We know each other for many year.

12. We are listening to the concert yesterday at 4 p.m.

Задание 5.

Поставьте предложение в соответствующее будущее время:

1. The plane (approach) Kazan at this time tomorrow.

Переведите предложения:

2. My brother can speak three foreign languages.

3. We are going to spend our holidays in Bali.

Вставьте can илиbe able to:

4. Tom _______ drive but he hasn’t got a car.

Вставьтеneedn’t/ have to/ mustn’t/ didn’t need to/ have to или needn’t have:

5. You _____ sent me the package. I was going to come and collect it.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол:

6. You _____ tell anyone what I said.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот could, was/ were able to или couldn’t:

7. He was not at home when I phoned but I _______ contact him at his office.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот mustn’t или don’t / doesn’t have to:

8. Whatever you do, you _______ touch that switch. It is very dangerous!

Переведите предложения на английский язык:

9. Я бы хотел пойти с тобой.

10. Ты можешь делать все, что хочешь. Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот:

11. I’m sorry, you didn’t invite me to your birthday party. You … invite me next time.

a) must

b) should

c) need to

12. Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I … go now.

a) can

b) has to

c) must

Задание 6.

Переведите письменно текст, выполните задания к тексту:

Before you read

- How many states does the USA consist of today?