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Environment and ecology

Ecology is the science of how living things are related to their environment. Many people all over the world are concerned about the ecology today. The word «ecology» came from the Greek which means «home». This idea of «home» includes the whole planet of ours.

Air pollution is the result of man`s use of chemicals, and is a common hazard in both industrial and developing countries. One form of air pollution is acid rains.

Acid rain results from the release into the atmosphere of sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide. Electrical plants, industrial boilers and automobiles are among chief sources of these emissions. The gases react with water droplets, forming a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, this mixture returns to earth in form of acid rain, mist or snow.

Acid rain is killing vast stretches of forests in Canada, in the USA, and central and northern Europe. Acid rain has acidified lakes and streams making unable to support fish, wildlife, plants or insects.

High above the Earth`s atmosphere there is a thin veil called the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the sun`s destructive ultraviolet (UV) rays. This protective layer is being damaged by chemicals, which are released into the atmosphere by the daily use of industrial and household products. The chlorine attacks the ozone molecules, thinning or even making a «hole» in ozone layer. This «hole» allows more UV rays to penetrate to the Earth. Overexposure to UV rays can increase the risk of skin cancer, weaken the immune system. Not only are humans at risk, so are animals, plants, and the environment in general.

Задание 7. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

What are the sources of acid rains?

How is the ozone layer being damaged?

Why are acid rains so dangerous?

Задание 8. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Загрязненный воздух, земля и вода вредны животным, людям и растениям.

2. Понятие «дом» включает всю нашу планету.

Вариант 6.

Задание 1.

Подберите к следующим вопросам ответы:

1. When will you read my letter: 1. No, I can't 

today or tomorrow?

2. Do you have to help your father?  2. One / A bottle.  

3. Can you rely on the strength of the ice? 3. I’ll do it tomorrow.

4. How much liquid was used? 4. No, I don't.

Образуйте разделительные вопросы (вопросы с хвостиком) по образцу: You can't speak Spanish. – You can't speak Spanish, can you?

5. She was born in 1996.

6. He is playing football now.

Cоставьте вопрос, на который это предложение может быть ответом.

7. Yes, we have a very nice room.

Поставьте глагол Past Perfect, Past Simple или Past Continuous и переведите предложения.

8. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

9. The telegram (to arrive) 10 minutes after they (to leave) the house.

10. Suddenly he (to remember) that he (to leave) his exercise book at home.

Заполнить пропуски, поставив глагол в скобках в нужную форму (в будущее совершенное время).

11. They … (do) the washing by nine o’clock of the evening.

12. He … (repair) his car by the next Saturday.

Задание 2.

Вставьте соответствующие предлоги:

1. A gentleman opened the door ____ his wife.

2. What`s _____TV tonight?

3. The young scien­tist was trying to prove _____ the professor the neces­sity ___ the experiment.

4. My explanation seemed strange _____the teacher. 

Задание 3.

Поставьте глагол в Present Simple или Present Continuous

1. There (to be) many travellers that come to France every year.

2. Mike and I (to swim) in the swimming pool at the moment.

3. Wales (to have) many old traditions.

4. He is a good tennis player. But he ... (play) very often.

Исправьте ошибки.

5. You can borrow my bike. I not needs it at the moment.

Составьте вопросительное предложение Past Simple из данных слов:

6. did / summer / go / where / last / you?

Вставьте слова will / to be going to.

7. – Did you post the letters for me? – Sorry, I forgot. I … do it.

Измените предложения, употребляя to be going to по образцу: My intention is to watch a TV film tonight. I am going to watch a TV film tonight.

8. My mother's intention is to see this monument.

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous.

9. The boys (to play) table-tennis now.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание Participle I.

10.We saw him walking along the bank of the river.

Раскройте скобки, употребив Participle I. Переведите предложение.

11. (To find) the keys, we were able to open the door.  Выберите правильный вариант

12. What time your friends (______) tomorrow?

do your friends arrive

will be your friends arriving

will your friends be arriving

are your friends arriving

Задание 4.

Употребите следующие предложения в Past Progressive, уточняя действие наречиями. Образец: I went to the cinema yesterday. – I was going to the cinema yesterday at 3.

1. Bill phoned his friend in the morning.

Поставьте вопросы, на которые нижеследующие предложения могут быть ответами. Образец: No, I was not playing chess at 6. – Were you playing chess at 6?

2. No, she was not playing computer games from 8 till 9 yesterday.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.

3. He (to read) a book yesterday.

4. I (not to sleep) at 9 o'clock yesterday.

Употребите Present Perfect.

5. Two years ago we ... (to be) in London.

6. My friend ... (not phone) me whole evening yesterday.

Допишите предложения при помощи слов: already, just, since, for, ever, yet.

7. We haven’t bought her a present … .

8. She has … come from the library.

В каждом из следующих предложений допущена ошибка. Исправьте ее и напишите правильный вариант.

9. They know each other for many year.

10. My friend go to the library every week.

11. Now they is playing tennis.

12. You are listening to the concert yesterday at 4 p.m.

Задание 5.

Поставьте предложение в соответствующее будущее время

1. She (search) every corner of your room before she (leave).

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

2. She can walk.

3. She has to get up early on week-days.

Вставьте can или be able to. Иногда допустимы оба варианта.

4. George has travelled a lot. He _______ speak four languages.

Вставьте needn’t /  have to / mustn’t / didn’t need to / have to или needn’t have.

5) You _____ pick me up after school. I’ll take the bus.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол (may, can, must, could).

6) _____ I give you a lift?

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот could, was / were able to or couldn’t. 

7. My friend had hurt his leg, so he _______ walk very well.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот  mustn’t or don’t / doesn’t have to.

8. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I _______ work.

Задание 6. Переведите письменно текст.

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