Rural and agricultural land use planning

Land use planning can be defined as the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternative systems of land use and other physical, social and economic conditions. The purpose is to select and adopt land use options which are the most beneficial to land users without degrading the resources or the environment, together with the selection of measures most likely to encourage such land uses.

In the broadest meaning of the term, land use planning deals with planning for all types of land use (rural, urban, industrial, recreational, etc.). Land use planning involves many aspects of planning such as designing planning options, evaluation of feasibility (economic, environmental, social impact assessment), providing assistance to decision maker, implementation and monitoring of plans.

Rural land use planning is concerned with all (economic) activities in rural areas, such as agriculture, pastoralism, forestry, wildlife conservation and tourism. Besides evaluation of the potential of different activities, rural land use planning assists in resolving conflicts of interests between groups of land users.

Some of the key aspects of agricultural land use planning are physical and socio-economic ones. Physical aspects involve land evaluation (mapping, analysis, suitability matching), identification of opportunities for change (improve existing land use system, suggest new land use systems), natural resources management (sustainable land use systems).

The objectives of socio-economic aspects include identification of target groups, weighting options and connection with other administration/planning. Such land legislation as access to land, ownership of resources, land reforms are also included in socio-economic aspects as well as training technical staff, farmers and financial framework like credit schemes and products marketing.

Land is a limited resource and the misuse of land can lead to such problem as non-sustainable land use: processes of overexploitation (overgrazing, deforestation, erosion hazard).

We need to conserve land resources for future use through sustainable land uses. For successful land use planning it is important to determine the best use of the land. It is necessary to take into consideration efficiency, equity, acceptability and sustainability of the land.

Задание 7. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What are the key aspects of agricultural land use planning?

2. Do we need to conserve land resources for future use?

3. What is important for successful land use planning?

Задание 8. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Новое земельное законодательство должно решить финансовые проблемы в следующем году. 2. Сельско-хозяйственное землепользование затрагивает все формы экономической деятельности в сельских поселениях.

Вариант 10.

Задание 1.

Подберите к следующим вопросам ответы:

1. Don't you speak English?  1. My mother does.

2. What man can help you?  2. No, I don't.

3. Does your father or mother believe in God? 3. A strong one. 

4. When are winter coats 4. In November.

in greatest demand in Russia?

Образуйте разделительные вопросы (вопросы с хвостиком) по образцу: You can't speak Spanish. – You can't speak Spanish, can you?

5. She does not play the guitar.

6. You have to work hard at your English.

Cоставьте вопрос, на который это предложение может быть ответом.

7. Yes, I am writing a letter to my grandmother.

Поставьте глагол Past Perfect, Past Simple или Past Continuous и переведите предложения.

8. When they (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

9. I (to thank) him for what he (to do) for me.

10. The telegram (to arrive) five minutes after you (to leave) the house.

Заполнить пропуски, поставив глагол в скобках в нужную форму (в будущее совершенное время).

11. Boys … (discuss) this with their mother by tonight.

12. He … (manage) the team for seven years by next month.

Задание 2.

Вставьте соответствующие предлоги:

1. He wrote the story ____ his life.

2.The writer lived ____ London ____ great poverty.

3. He was standing outside the door _____his house and explaining ____ the mechanic what was wrong with his car.

4. My father goes ____work every day, so he stays ____ town.

Задание 3.

Поставьте глагол в Present Simple или Present Continuous.

1. I (to spend) a wonderful time in France now.

2. Every day tourists (to have) a lot of fun in the Valleys.

3. When visitors (to walk) and (to go) on picnics?

4. The sun (rise) in the East

Исправьте ошибки.

5. Pamela have a new car. On Fridays she like going to the cinema.

Составьте вопросительное предложение Past Simple из данных слов:

6. did /live/ you / where/ when / you were / a/ child?

Вставьте слова will / to be going to.

7. He …. start a new job next week.

Измените предложения, употребляя to be going to по образцу: My intention is to watch a TV film tonight. I am going to watch a TV film tonight.

8. His intention is to ride a bicycle today.

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous.

9. Mary and Ann (to help) their parents on a farm now.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание Participle I.

10. I saw her talking with a woman.

Раскройте скобки, употребив Participle I. Переведите предложение.

11. While (to learn) the pronunciation of the words we learned their meaning.

Выберите правильный вариант

12. They (______) every day until the end of the month.

perform

will be performing

will perform

Задание 4.

Употребите следующие предложения в Past Progressive, уточняя действие наречиями. Образец: I went to the cinema yesterday. – I was going to the cinema yesterday at 3.

1. Sally phoned her friend in the morning.

Поставьте вопросы, на которые нижеследующие предложения могут быть ответами. Образец: No, I was not playing chess at 6. – Were you playing chess at 6?

2. No, we were not playing computer games at 12 o'clock yesterday.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.

3. My sister (to read) a book yesterday.

4. They (not to sleep) at 9 o'clock yesterday.

Употребите Present Perfect.

5. Where … you … (to be) all the time?

6. …he … (to come) to the Institute yet?

Допишите предложения при помощи слов: already, just, since, for, ever, yet.

7. Have you … been to London?

8. Tom hasn’t been at school … a week.

В каждом из следующих предложений допущена ошибка. Исправьте ее и напишите правильный вариант.

9. These boy are my pupils.

10. When have she bought the book?

11. She just wrote a letter.

12. Now they is playing tennis.

Задание 5.

Поставьте предложение в соответствующее будущее время

1. The doctor (examine) his last patient at this time tomorrow.

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

2. May I invite my sister to the party?

3. You have to work hard at your German.

Вставьте can или be able to. Иногда допустимы оба варианта.

4. Ask Ann about your problem. She should _______ help you.

Вставьте needn’t /  have to / mustn’t / didn’t need to / have to или needn’t have.

5) I _____ leave yet. I’m not flying until 3.00 p.m.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол (may, can, must, could).

6) If you are under 17, you _____ drive a car in Britain.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот could, was / were able to or couldn’t. 

7. The girl fell into the river but fortunately we _______ rescue her.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот  mustn’t or don’t / doesn’t have to.

8. We _______ leave yet. We’ve got plenty of time

Задание 6. Переведите письменно текст: