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Science and technology

Today we often say that we live in an age of science and technology. In recent years, scientific and technological developments have drastically changed live on our planet as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the Universe as whole.

Today, science and technology are closely related. Many modern technologies such as nuclear power and space flights depend on science and the application of scientific knowledge and principles. Each advance in pure science creates new opportunities for the development of new ways of making things to be used in daily life.

Technology refers to the ways in which people use discoveries to satisfy needs and desires, to alter the environment, to improve their lives. Throughout human history, men and women have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques, to make their lives easier.

When we speak of technology today, generally, we mean industrial technology, or the technology that began about 200 years ago with the development of power-driven machines, growth of the factory system, and mass production of goods that has created the basis for our modern society.

The scientific revolution that began in the 16th century was the first time that science and technology began to work together. Thus, Galileo, who made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics, also built an improved telescope and patented a system of lifting water. However, it wasn`t until the 19th century, that technology truly was based on science and inventors began to build on the work of scientists. For example, Thomas Edison built on the early experiments of Faraday and Henry in his invention of the first practical system of electrical lighting. So too, Edison carried on his investigation until he found the carbon filament for the electric bulb in a research laboratory.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

What does the term «industrial technology» mean?

What role has scientific and technological development played in man`s life?

What was the first true technological research?

Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

Industrial technology, research laboratory, the scientific revolution, the application of scientific knowledge and principles, the development of power-driven machines, to improve telescope, to patent the system of electrical lighting, carry on the investigation.

Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Современные технологии тесно связаны с достижениями в области компьютерной технологии.

2. Во все времена люди изобретали инструменты, машины, материалы, технологии, которые изменяли окружающую среду.

3. Компьютерная инженерия — это дисциплина, которая связана с компьютерным проектированием.

Вариант 6.

Задание 1.

Подберите к следующим вопросам ответы:

1. When will you read my letter: 1. No, I can't 

today or tomorrow?

2. Do you have to help your father?  2. One / A bottle.  

3. Can you rely on the strength of the ice? 3. I will do it tomorrow.

4. How much liquid was used? 4. No, I do not.

Образуйте вопросы по образцу: You can't speak Spanish. – You can't speak Spanish, can you?

5. My sister was born in 1996.

6. They are playing football now.

Составьте вопрос, на который это предложение может быть ответом.

7. Yes, they have a very nice room.

Поставьте глагол Past Perfect, Past Simple или Past Continuous и переведите предложения.

8. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

9. The telegram (to arrive) 10 minutes after they (to leave) the house.

10. Suddenly he (to remember) that he (to leave) his exercise book at home.

Заполнить пропуски, поставив глагол в скобках в нужную форму (в будущее совершенное время).

11. They … (do) the washing by nine o’clock in the evening.

12. He … (repair) his car by the next Saturday.

Задание 2.

Вставьте соответствующие предлоги:

1. A person opened the door ____ his friend.

2. What`s _____TV tonight?

3. The young scien­tist was trying to prove _____ the professor the neces­sity ___ the experiment.

4. My explanation seemed strange _____the teacher.

Переведите на русский язык предложения с фразовыми глаголами

5. They tried to come up with a good excuse.

6. Come on, what is on your mind?

7. We will not be able to visit you tonight if something else comes up.

8. I decided to go with cake rather than ice cream.

Поставьте в предложения подходящие фразовые глаголы с предлогом on в необходимой грамматической форме: carry — try – hold – count – take — come — switch – be — put

9. Our company … on some new workers on Monday.

10. … on a second, She will call her sister.

11. If you keep silence I will … on reading the fairy-tale.

12. You can … on these trousers in the fitting-room.

 

Задание 3.

Поставьте глагол в Present Simple или Present Continuous

1. There (to be) many travelers that come to Italy every year.

2. Linda and I (to swim) in the swimming pool now.

3. Wales (to have) many old traditions.

4. Mike is a good tennis player. However, he ... (play) very often.

Исправьте ошибки.

5. You can borrow my bike. I not needs it now.

Составьте вопросительное предложение Past Simple из данных слов:

6. Did / summer / go / where / last / you?

Вставьте слова will / to be going to.

7. – Did you post the letters for me? – Sorry, I forgot. I … do it.

Измените предложения, употребляя to be going to по образцу: My intention is to watch a TV film tonight. I am going to watch a TV film tonight.

8. My mother's intention is to see this monument.

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous.

9. The students (to play) table tennis now.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание Participle I.

10. I saw him walking along the bank of the river.

Раскройте скобки, употребив Participle I. Переведите предложение.

11. (To find) the keys, we were able to open the door.  Выберите правильный вариант

12. What time your friends (______) tomorrow?

do your friends arrive

will be your friends arriving

will your friends be arriving

are your friends arriving

Задание 4.

Употребите следующие предложения в Past Progressive, уточняя действие наречиями. Образец: I went to the cinema yesterday. – I was going to the cinema yesterday at 3.

1. Bill phoned his friend in the morning.

Поставьте вопросы, на которые нижеследующие предложения могут быть ответами. Образец: No, I was not playing chess at 6. – Were you playing chess at 6?

2. No, he was not playing computer games from 8 till 9 yesterday.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.

3. Mike (to read) a book yesterday.

4. He (not to sleep) at 9 o'clock yesterday.

Употребите Present Perfect.

5. They ... (to be) in London in the morning.

6. My friends ... (not phone) me all day long yesterday.

Допишите предложения при помощи слов: already, just, since, for, ever, yet.

7. We haven’t bought her a present … .

8. Sally has … come from the library.

В каждом из следующих предложений допущена ошибка. Исправьте ее и напишите правильный вариант.

9. We know each other for many year.

10. Linda go to the library every week.

11. Now they is playing tennis.

12. You are listening to the concert yesterday at 4 p.m.

Задание 5.

Поставьте предложение в соответствующее будущее время

1. She (search) every corner of your room before she (leave).

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

2. Look! The child is going to fall.

3. Sally has to get up early on week-days.

Вставьте can или be able to. Иногда допустимы оба варианта.

4. George has travelled a lot. He _______ speak four languages.

Вставьте needn’t /  have to / mustn’t / didn’t need to / have to или needn’t have.

5) You _____ pick me up after school. I’ll take the bus.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол (may, can, must, could).

6) _____ I give you a lift?

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот could, was / were able to or couldn’t’t. 

7. My friend had hurt his leg, so he _______ walk very well.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот mustn’t or don’t / doesn’t have to.

8. He can stay in bed tomorrow morning because he _______ work.

Переведите предложения на английский язык

9. Я не знаю, почему мы спешили. Нам не нужно было спешить. 10. Я бы хотел пойти с тобой.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот

11. Tom … play tennis well but he … play a game yesterday because he was ill.

a) couldn’t, could

b) can, was able

c) can, couldn’t

12. You … take an umbrella today. The Sun is shining.

a) needn’t

b) mustn’t

c) can’t

Задание 6.

Переведите письменно текст, выполните задания к тексту

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