Economy of the usa

The government of USA supports many segments of the nation’s economy, the public sector accounts for only one-fifth of American economic activity. In agriculture, for example, farmers benefit from public education, roads, rural electrification and support prices, but their land is private property to work pretty much as they desire. More than 86.7 percent of America’s 208.8 million farms is owned by the people who operate them; the rest are owned by business corporations. With increasingly improved farm machinery, seed and fertilizers, more food is produced each year, although the number of farmers decreases annually. The United States produces as much as half the world’s soybeans and corn for grain, wheat, tobacco and vegetable oil.

The bulk of America’s wealth is produced by private industries and businesses – ranging from giants like General Motors, which sells $96,371 million worth of cars and trucks each year – to thousands of small, independent entrepreneurs. Nearly 45 percent of American products currently faces foreign competition within markets in the United States. America has traditionally supported free trade.

More than hundred million Americans are in the labor force. The labor force has grown especially rapidly because of the increased number of working women. Women now constitute more than half of America’s total work force. The entry of the “baby boom” generation into the job market has also increased the work force. Part-time employment has increased as well – only about 55 percent of all workers has full-time, full-year jobs – the rest either work part-time, part-year or both.

American industries have become increasingly more service-oriented. Of 12.6 million new jobs created, almost 85 percent has been in service industries. Careers in technical, business and health-related fields have particularly experienced employee growth in recent years. Approximately 27 million Americans are employed in selling. Another 19.2 million work in manufacturing and 17.5 million work for federal, state and local governments.

Recently, unemployment in the United States was calculated at about twelve percent. The government provides short-term unemployment compensation (from 20 to 39 weeks depending upon economic conditions) to replace wages lost between jobs. About 80 per cent of all wage and salary earners is covered by un-employment insurance. In addition, both the government and private industry provide job training to help unemployed and disadvantaged Americans.

Now read the text and answer these questions:

1. What was (and what is) the role of the US federal government?

2. Which sector of the economy is larger private or public?

3. How large is the labor force of the country?

4. Why is labor force so large now?

5. How are American industries oriented?

Complete the following sentences according to the text:

1. In agriculture farmers benefit …

2. With increasingly improved farm machinery …

3. The labor force …

4. The entry of the “baby boom” generation …

5. Unemployment in the US was calculated …

Complete the table with the derivatives:

Verb	Noun	Adjective	Adverb

Deliver, stable, closely, additionally, facility, delivery, investment, close (2), add, eliminate, invest, electronic, stabilize, exchangeable, facilitate, electronically, provide, addition, elimination, provision, liquidity, exchange (2), electronics, investor, additional, stability, liquid (2), electrify.

Вариант 8.

Задание 1.

Подберите к следующим вопросам ответы:

1. Have you got any money?  1. About twenty.

2. Is it pleasant to work with 2. She did it fast.

good-natured people, isn`t it?

3. How did she do her work: fast or slow? 3. Yes, it is.

4. How many cigars had been smoked? 4.No, Ihavenot.

Составьте вопросы по образцу:

You cannot speak Spanish. – You cannot speak Spanish, can you?

5. My sister was out at 12 p.m.

6. You have not been in Rome. 

Составьте вопрос, на который это предложение может быть ответом:

7. No, my mother has not bought this book.

Поставьте глагол Past Perfect, Past Simple или Past Continuous и переведите предложения:

8. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

9. He (to thank) me for what I (to do) for him.

10. Suddenly I (to remember) that I (to leave) my exercise book at home.

Заполнить пропуски, поставив глагол (в будущее совершенное время):

11. If he can do it then he … (fulfill) their mission.

12. Mike … (leave) by the end of the week.

Задание 2.

Вставьте соответствующие предлоги:

1. The doctor sent a bill ____ the writer ____ his visits.

2. There are many horses and donkeys ____ the field.

3. My father sometimes comes ___the country after work and goes back ___town early in the morning, when I am still ____bed.

4. He was treat­ed____ very effective drugs.

Переведите на русский язык предложения с фразовыми глаголами:

5. He caught a terrible cold but I’m sure he’ll put through.

6. We ended up visiting our friend after shopping last night.

7. She finally figured out how to solve the problem.

8. He is used to looking down on his employees.

Поставьте в предложения подходящие фразовые глаголы с предлогом out в необходимой грамматической форме: watch – find — eat — break – make — blow – clear — go – turn — count

9. … out! The monkeys are going to attack.

10. If you go to the party tonight, … me out. I won’t go.

11. We couldn’t … out the meaning of her poem.

12. Mike … out a successful designer.

Задание 3.

Поставьте глагол в Present Simple или Present Continuous:

1. Britain (to invite) you to visit charming places.

2. A lot of families (to spend) their leisure time in the national parks: they (to go) boating and fishing.

3. Now I (to write) the letter to my parents.

4. He often (clean) windows? – Yes, he often (help) his parents.

Исправьте:

5. Sally is married not. She sometimes eat in a restaurant.

Составьте вопросительное предложение Past Simple из данных слов:

6. travel / on / you / how / work / did / to / Monday? 

Вставьте слова will / to be going to.

7. …. water they the flowers every 3 days?

Измените предложения, употребляя to be going to по образцу:

My intention is to watch a TV film tonight. I am going to watch a TV film tonight.

8. Our plan is to build a new cottage.

Раскройте скобки:

9. She … a new dress (to try on).

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание Participle I

10.The children watched the boys playing football.

Раскройте скобки, употребив Participle I. Переведите предложение:

11. (To see) her he raised his hat. 

Выберите правильный вариант:

12. Jane (______) for her exam on Philosophy tomorrow morning.

work

is working

will be working

Задание 4.

Употребите следующие предложения в Past Progressive, c наречиями:

Образец: I went to the cinema yesterday. I was going to the cinema yesterday at 3.

1.We listened to music yesterday.

Поставьте вопросы, на которые нижеследующие предложения могут быть ответами:

Образец: No, I was not playing chess at 6. – Were you playing chess at 6?

2. No, he was not writing a letter from two until six yesterday.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous:

3. What Nick (to do) yesterday?

4. I (not to sleep) at 9 o'clock yesterday.

Употребите Present Perfect:

5. We ... just ….. (discuss) this book.

6. I … never (to see) such an interesting film.

Допишите предложения при помощи слов: already, just, since, for, ever, yet:

7. I haven’t seen you … ages.

8. Tom hasn’t been at school … a week.

Исправьте ошибки и напишите правильный вариант:

9. These program are bad.

10. These boy is my pupils.

11. We speaks English bad.

12. We are listening to the concert yesterday at 4 p.

Задание 5.

Поставьте предложение в соответствующее будущее время:

1. By the time you (get) home we (prepare) everything for the party.

Переведите предложения

2. She can speak three foreign languages.

3. You must work hard at your English if you want to know it.

Вставьте can илиbe able to:

4. I ____’t understand Martin.

Вставьтеneedn’t/ have to/ mustn’t/ didn’t need to/ have to или needn’t have:

5. You _____ drop litter in the park.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол (may, can, must, could)

6. You _____ have a passport to visit most foreign countries.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборотcould, was / were able to или couldn’t:

7. I looked very carefully and I _______ see a figure in the distance.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот mustn’t или don’t/ doesn’t have to:

8. You _______ forget what I told you. It is very important!

Переведите предложения на английский язык:

9. Ольге нужно уделить больше внимания занятиям по английскому языку. 10. Я не уверен, но возможно он неправ. Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот:

11. Where are my gloves? — I … put them on because it’s cold today.

a) can’t

b) have to

c) needn’t

12. You … take an umbrella today. The Sun is shining.

a) needn’t

b) mustn’t

c) can’t

Задание 6.

Переведите письменно текст, выполните задания к тексту:

Before you read

- What is the national currency of the Canada?