Modern engineering

The History of the concept of “engineering” stems from the earliest times when humans began to make inventions, such as the pulley, lever, or wheel. The exact etymology of the word engineer is a person occupationally connected with the study, design and implementation of engines; an engineer is someone who makes useful or practical inventions.

The first electrical engineer is considered to be William Gilbert, who was the originator of the term “electricity”. The first steam engine was built in 1698 by mechanical engineer Thomas Savery. With the rise of engineering as a profession in 19-th century, the term became more narrowly applied to fields in which mathematics and science were applied to these ends.

Now engineering science is among the world`s top undergraduate engineering programmes. Its mission is to prepare the students for careers at the forefront of research, teaching, design and professional practice in applied science and engineering, or for careers in other professions.

Modern engineering includes technology, but also concerned with development and understanding of technological systems and products. Technical engineering is the activity of transforming and transporting of materials and forces of nature and of energy and information, which are technical measures of utility.

The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of specialized disciplines that focus on the issues associated with developing a specific kind of product, or using a specific type of technology. The task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints on a design in order to produce a successful result.

Подберите соответствия:

make inventions, design, the invention of steam engine, pulley, lever, engineering, to prepare for careers, design and implementation of engines, applied science, engineering science, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer, forefront of research, teaching, development of technological systems and products, undergraduate engineering programmes, scientific methods, technical measures of utility; научные методы, изобретать, конструкция, рычаг, шкив, конструирование, готовить к карьере / работе, разработка и конструирование двигателей, изобретение парового двигателя, инженерное дело, прикладная наука, инженер-механик, инженер-электрик, разработка технологических систем и технологических продуктов, на передовой научных исследований, инженерные программы для бакалавриата, преподавание, критерии полезности.

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1. Modern Engineering is _________ by the broad application of systems engineering principles.

(defined, known, characterized)

2. Engineering Science is among the world`s top undergraduate engineering ______.

(context, content, programs).

3. The mission of __________is to prepare the students for careers at the forefront of research and professional practice in applied science and engineering.

(undergraduate engineering programs, electrical engineers, mechanical engineers).

Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

инженерная наука

прикладные науки

инженерные принципы

инженер-механик

инженер-электрик

технология.

Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Современная техника зависит от достижений в области компьютерной технологии.

2. Во все времена люди изобретали инструменты, машины, материалы, технологии, которые изменяли окружающую среду.

3. Компьютерная инженерия — это дисциплина, которая тесно связана с электротехникой и компьютерным проектированием.

Вариант 2.

Задание 1.

Подберите к следующим вопросам ответы:

1. Is your mother sleeping?  1. It is on the window.

2. Who likes to play? 2. No, she is not.

3. How was the match? 3. It was very interesting.

4. Where is your book:

on the window or on the table? 4. Children do.

Образуйте вопросы по образцу: You can't speak Spanish. – You cannot speak Spanish, can you?

5. I cannot go to London now.

6. He must know English very well.

Составьте вопрос, на который это предложение может быть ответом.

7. No, we have not seen this film.

Поставьте глагол Past Perfect, Past Simple или Past Continuous и переведите предложения.

8. When I (to ring) him up, he already (to do) his homework.

9. When they (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

10. He (to thank) me for what I (to do) for him.

Заполнить пропуски, поставив глагол в скобках в нужную форму (в будущее совершенное время).

11. We … (visit) some European countries the next fall.

12. They … (finish) this work by two o’clock of the morning.

Задание 2.

Вставьте соответствующие предлоги:

1. The lesson finishes ____ four o`clock.

2. The son ____ the King is called the Crown Prince.

3. In winter I usually go ___ bed at ten o'clock because I have to get up early.

4. There are many people ______ the park today.

Переведите на русский язык предложения с фразовыми глаголами

5. Come on, what is on your mind?

6. I will not be able to visit you tonight if something else comes up.

7. Water turns into ice at 100 C.

8. Why don’t we just put the trip off until the next month?

Поставьте в предложения подходящие фразовые глаголы с предлогом out в необходимой грамматической форме: watch – find — eat — break – make — blow – clear — go – turn — count

9. … out! The monkeys are going to attack.

10. If you go to the party tonight, … me out. I won’t go.

11. We couldn’t … out the meaning of her poem.

12. Mike … out a successful designer.

Задание 3.

Поставьте глагол в Present Simple или Present Continuous.

1. Look! A big white bird (sit) in our garden.

2. What you (to do) now? You (to play) football?

3. I (not to walk) around in rainy days.

4. What ... she (do)? – She is a teacher.

Исправьте ошибки.

5. The river Nile is flow into the Mediterranean.

Составьте вопросительное предложение Past Simple из данных слов:

6. morning / you / time / get / up / what / last / did?

Вставьте слова will / to be going to.

7. – Why are you buying so much food? – Because I … cook for ten people.

Измените предложения, употребляя to be going to по образцу: My intention is to watch a TV film tonight. I am going to watch a TV film tonight.

8. My intention is to study at the University.

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous.

9. The children (to look) at the blackboard now.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание Participle I.

10. I saw the workers packing the goods.

Раскройте скобки, употребив Participle I. Переведите предложение.

11. (To buy) food, they left supermarket. 

Выберите правильный вариант

12. I (______)for my exam on Philosophy all day tomorrow.

works

am working

will be working

Задание 4.

Употребите следующие предложения в Past Progressive, уточняя действие наречиями. Образец: I went to the cinema yesterday. – I was going to the cinema yesterday at 3.

1. Tom wrote a letter to his grandmother.

Поставьте вопросы, на которые нижеследующие предложения могут быть ответами. Образец: No, I was not playing chess at 6. – Were you playing chess at 6?

2. Yes, my grandmother was watching TV at 9.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.

3. Jane (to play) computer games from two until three yesterday.

Употребите Present Perfect.

4. When ... you ... (see) him last?

5. We ……. (to play) computer games all day long yesterday.

6. Where … you … (to be) all the time?

Допишите предложения при помощи слов: already, just, since, for, ever, yet.

7. We have … come back from the library.

8. They have not seen him … ages.

В каждом из следующих предложений допущена ошибка. Исправьте ее и напишите правильный вариант.

9. I have sister.

10. She just wrote a letter.

11. Now they is playing tennis.

12. We are listening to the concert yesterday at four p. m.

Задание 5.

Поставьте предложение в соответствующее будущее время

1. I think he (cook) dinner by the time mother (come) home.

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

2. They have to come to the meeting.

3. We have to get up early on weekdays.

Составьте предложения, используя модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.              

4) Simon left the waiter a bigger tip then was necessary.

 Have to   Simon _______ the waiter such a big tip.

Вставьте needn’t / have to / mustn’t / didn’t need to / have to или needn’t have.

5) You _____ wash the clothes. I will do it tomorrow.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол (may, can, must, could).

6) _____ I use your telephone?

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот could, was / were able to or couldn’t. 

7. Elaine was not at home when I phoned but I _______ contact her at her office.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот mustn’t or don’t / doesn’t have to.

8. Whatever you do, you _______ touch that switch. It’s very dangerous!

Переведите предложения на английский язык

9. Ольге нужно уделить больше внимания занятиям по английскому языку. 10. Я не уверен, но возможно он неправ. Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот

11. Jane has got a headache. He … sleep well recently.

a) can’t

b) couldn’t have

c) hasn’t been able to

12. I … sleep for hours when I was a little girls.

a) could

b) am able to

c) can

Задание 6.

Переведите письменно текст, выполните задания к тексту