Isaac. Merit Singer (1811-1875)

Inventors before him had creat­ed sewing machines, but Singer in­vented one that was easy to use. In a time before clothing stores were common, Singer's sewing machine saved hours of labor for tailors and for those who made clothes at home. Singer soon had a thriving sewing machine company in New York City.

At SI 10, however, Singer's ma­chine was too expensive for the av­erage American. Many families only made $500 a year. The company set up ways for people to buy the ma­chine by paying small amounts over a period of time - an idea that other companies quickly copied.

1. What sewing machine did Singer in­vent?

Lesson 40. The Nobel Prize and its Laureates (Нобелівська премія та її лауреати)

Exercise 1. Read new vocabulary:

• laureate ['lɔ:riit] - лауреат

• Nobel Prize [noʊbe̱l praɪz] - Нобелівська премія

• to be administered - надаватися

• an industrialist – підприємець, промисловець

• to be awarded – бути нагородженим

• the setting - установка

• the auditorium – аудиторія, зал для глядачів

• dynamite ['daɪnəmaɪt] - динаміт

• will [wil] - заповіт

• SEK – шведська крона

• fund [fʌ̱nd] - фонди, кошти; гроші

• outstanding [aʊt'stændiŋ] - видатний, знаменитий

• achievement [ə'ʧɪ:vmənt] - досягнення, успіх; подвиг

• field [fi:ld] - галузь, поле діяльності

• to add to the list of fields – додати у список галузей

• individual [indi'vidʒuəl] - особа, індивідуум

• anniversary [ænɪ'vɜ:s(ə)rɪ] - річниця

• to stipulate ['stipjuleit] - обумовлювати, ставити за умову

• a letter of refusal – лист відмови

• a prize - винагорода, премія

• to/an award - присуджувати/нагорода

• an achievement - досягнення

• physiology – фізіологія

• medicine - медицина

• to be administrated – управлятись

• to establish – засновувати, встановлювати

• in memory of - в пам’ять

• to found - засновувати

• a foundation – організація

• a founder – засновник

• a diploma – диплом

• a cash award - грошова винагорода

• an anniversary - річниця

• a ceremony – церемонія

• a committee – комітет

• to submit - подавати на розгляд

• to receive – отримувати

• lack of - брак, нестача

• a fund – фонд

• peace - мир

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text:

The Nobel Prize

"If I Have 300 Ideas in a Year and Just One Turns Out to Work I Am Satisfied".

(Alfred Bernhard Nobel)

Alfred Bernhard Nobel, born in 1833, is the man behind the Nobel Prize.

Languages: Spoke 5 languages fluently at the age of 17. Professions: Swedish chemist, inventor of dynamite, engineer, business man. Fortune: In his will he left 31 million SEK (today about 265 million dollar) to fund the prizes.

Every year since 1901 the Nobel Prize has been awarded for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and for Peace. The Nobel Prize is an international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. Each prize consists of a medal, personal diploma and a cash award.

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements. In 1968, Economic Sciences were added to the list of fields.

Between 1901 and 2012, the Nobel Prize and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 553 times to 863 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 835 individuals and 21 organizations.

Since 1901, the Nobel Prizes have been presented to the Laureates at ceremonies on 10 December, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. As stipulated in the will of the Swedish-born inventor and international industrialist Alfred Nobel, which was opened after his death in 1896, the Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine and Literature are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, while the Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway.

Since 1969 an additional prize has been awarded at the ceremony in Stockholm. The Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm has taken place at the Stockholm Concert Hall since 1926. In Oslo, the ceremony was for many years held at the Nobel Institute. From 1947 till 1990, the setting was the auditorium of the University of Oslo. In 1990 the event moved to the Oslo City Hall.