- •Basic sound table
- •Bisyllabic clusters
- •The use of accented vowels in common spelling
- •Types of accent used in italian spelling
- •Instead, not all fonts have capital (uppercase) accented letters; Times New Roman and Arial fonts, among the most commonly used, have the following codes: try them out.
- •Very few words have this ending, but the rule is the same as for similar cases discussed above: vowel I is kept in both masculine and feminine plurals.
- •Indefinite articles
- •Indefinite articles used as pronouns
- •Combining articles with noun-adjective and adjective-noun
- •Fractions
- •Indicativo (indicative)
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Vedere (to see)
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •If you are in doubt, use the unbound form which is correct in both cases:
- •If you are in doubt, use the unbound form which is correct in both cases:
- •Possessive adjectives and pronouns used as subjects
- •Possessive adjectives and pronouns used as objects or copulas
- •Interrogative form
- •Negative form
- •Questo (this) - quello (that)
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Important note
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Note accented vowels are used to mark the accent (stress) in verbs of the 2nd conjugation, but remember that they are not used in common spelling
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •In this case, the English past perfect corresponds more or less precisely to the Italian tense:
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •In this case the English compound tense corresponds more or less precisely to the Italian tense:
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •The days of the week
- •Seasons
- •Italian also has adjectives referring to each season:
- •Centuries
- •Fractions of the hour
- •Mezzogiorno, la mezza, mezzanotte
- •Adverbs prima, dopo, durante
- •Gender and number of past participle
- •Auxiliary verbs used in reflexive forms
- •Congiuntivo presente (present subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo passato (perfect subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo trapassato (pluperfect subjunctive)
- •Condizionale presente
- •2Nd conjugation - perdere (to lose)
- •3Rd conjugation - capire (to understand)
- •Condizionale passato
- •1St conjugation - domandare (to ask - transitive)
- •2Nd conjugation - perdere (to lose - transitive)
- •3Rd conjugation - capire (to understand - transitive)
- •1St conjugation - stare (to stay, to remain - intransitive)
- •2Nd conjugation - cadere (to fall - intransitive)
- •3Rd conjugation - uscire (to go out, to come out - intransitive)
- •Imperativo essere
- •1St conjugation - pensare (to think)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendere (to take)
- •3Rd conjugation - sentire (to feel)
- •1St conjugation - mangiarsi (to eat, to eat up, to have food)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendersi (to take, to choose, to have as a choice)
- •3Rd conjugation - vestirsi (to get dressed, to dress up as a choice)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendermi (to catch me, or to take for me, to fetch me)
- •219 Мультиязыковой проект Ильи Франка www.Franklang.Ru
In this case the English compound tense corresponds more or less precisely to the Italian tense:
aveva spinto la porta = he/she had pushed the door l'ascensore era sceso al primo piano = the lift had gone down to the first floor
Trapassato remoto
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|
singular |
|
|
plural |
|
1st person |
|
ebbi spinto |
I had pushed |
|
avemmo spinto |
we had pushed |
2nd person |
|
avesti spinto |
you had pushed (singular) |
|
aveste spinto |
you had pushed (plural) |
3rd person |
|
avesti spinto |
he/she/it had pushed |
|
ebbero spinto |
they had pushed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st person |
|
fui sceso |
I have escaped |
|
furono scappati |
we have escaped |
2nd person |
|
fosti sceso |
you have escaped (singular) |
|
foste scappati |
you have escaped (plural) |
3rd person |
|
fu sceso |
he/she/it has escaped |
|
fummo scappati |
they have escaped |
dopo che ebbero spinto l'automobile fino a casa, entrarono in casa = when all the rats had ran off, the cat came back quando fu sceso dal treno, telefonò al principale = when he had come off the train, he phoned the boss
Futuro anteriore
|
|
singular |
|
|
plural |
|
1st person |
|
avrò spinto |
I shall have pushed |
|
avremo spinto |
we shall have pushed |
2nd person |
|
avrai spinto |
you will have pushed (sing.) |
|
avrete spinto |
you will have pushed (pl.) |
3rd person |
|
avrà spinto |
he/she/it will have pushed |
|
avranno spinto |
they will have pushed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st person |
|
sarò sceso |
I shall have escaped |
|
saranno scappati |
we shall have escaped |
2nd person |
|
sarai sceso |
you will have escaped (sing.) |
|
sarete scappati |
you will have escaped (pl.) |
3rd person |
|
sarà sceso |
he/she/it will have escaped |
|
saranno scappati |
they will have escaped |
a quest'ora, sarà scesa dall'aereo = by this time, she might have come off the plane avrò spinto la bicicletta per almeno due ore = I have pushed the bycicle at least for two hours quando avrai spinto il pulsante l'ascensore scenderà = literally when you will have pushed the button, the lift will come down
.6
VERBS OF THE 3rd CONJUGATION PART II COMPOUND INDICATIVE TENSES
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|
Verbs of the third conjugation are less irregular than the ones of the 2nd, so most of them have a regular past participle (...ito). Tables will be shown by using udire = (to feel, transitive), and partire (to leave, intransitive, requiring essere); both past participles are regular.