- •Basic sound table
- •Bisyllabic clusters
- •The use of accented vowels in common spelling
- •Types of accent used in italian spelling
- •Instead, not all fonts have capital (uppercase) accented letters; Times New Roman and Arial fonts, among the most commonly used, have the following codes: try them out.
- •Very few words have this ending, but the rule is the same as for similar cases discussed above: vowel I is kept in both masculine and feminine plurals.
- •Indefinite articles
- •Indefinite articles used as pronouns
- •Combining articles with noun-adjective and adjective-noun
- •Fractions
- •Indicativo (indicative)
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Vedere (to see)
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •If you are in doubt, use the unbound form which is correct in both cases:
- •If you are in doubt, use the unbound form which is correct in both cases:
- •Possessive adjectives and pronouns used as subjects
- •Possessive adjectives and pronouns used as objects or copulas
- •Interrogative form
- •Negative form
- •Questo (this) - quello (that)
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Important note
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Note accented vowels are used to mark the accent (stress) in verbs of the 2nd conjugation, but remember that they are not used in common spelling
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •In this case, the English past perfect corresponds more or less precisely to the Italian tense:
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •In this case the English compound tense corresponds more or less precisely to the Italian tense:
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •The days of the week
- •Seasons
- •Italian also has adjectives referring to each season:
- •Centuries
- •Fractions of the hour
- •Mezzogiorno, la mezza, mezzanotte
- •Adverbs prima, dopo, durante
- •Gender and number of past participle
- •Auxiliary verbs used in reflexive forms
- •Congiuntivo presente (present subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo passato (perfect subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo trapassato (pluperfect subjunctive)
- •Condizionale presente
- •2Nd conjugation - perdere (to lose)
- •3Rd conjugation - capire (to understand)
- •Condizionale passato
- •1St conjugation - domandare (to ask - transitive)
- •2Nd conjugation - perdere (to lose - transitive)
- •3Rd conjugation - capire (to understand - transitive)
- •1St conjugation - stare (to stay, to remain - intransitive)
- •2Nd conjugation - cadere (to fall - intransitive)
- •3Rd conjugation - uscire (to go out, to come out - intransitive)
- •Imperativo essere
- •1St conjugation - pensare (to think)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendere (to take)
- •3Rd conjugation - sentire (to feel)
- •1St conjugation - mangiarsi (to eat, to eat up, to have food)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendersi (to take, to choose, to have as a choice)
- •3Rd conjugation - vestirsi (to get dressed, to dress up as a choice)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendermi (to catch me, or to take for me, to fetch me)
- •219 Мультиязыковой проект Ильи Франка www.Franklang.Ru
Passato prossimo
|
|
singular |
|
|
plural |
|
1st person |
|
ho udito |
I have heard |
|
abbiamo udito |
we have heard |
2nd person |
|
hai udito |
you have heard (singular) |
|
avete udito |
you have heard (plural) |
3rd person |
|
ha udito |
he/she/it has heard |
|
hanno udito |
they have heard |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st person |
|
sono partito |
I have left |
|
siamo scesi |
we have left |
2nd person |
|
sei partito |
you have left (singular) |
|
siete scesi |
you have left (plural) |
3rd person |
|
è partito |
he/she/it has left |
|
sono scesi |
they have left |
Also in this case the intransitive verb using essere treats past participles as adjectives, using both singular and plural forms.
ho udito un rumore = I (have) heard a noise è partito ieri = he/she (has) left yesterday
Trapassato prossimo
|
|
singular |
|
|
plural |
|
1st person |
|
avevo udito |
I had heard |
|
avevamo udito |
we had heard |
2nd person |
|
avevi udito |
you had heard (singular) |
|
avevate udito |
you had heard (plural) |
3rd person |
|
aveva udito |
he/she/it had heard |
|
avevano udito |
they had heard |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1st person |
|
ero partito |
I had left |
|
eravamo scappati |
we had left |
2nd person |
|
eri partito |
you had left (singular) |
|
eravate scappati |
you had left (plural) |
3rd person |
|
era partito |
he/she/it had left |
|
erano scappati |
they had left |
A few examples:
avevamo udito quella esplosione = we had heard that blast la sua amica non era partita = his/her friend had not left