Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)

		singular			plural
1st person		(che) io fossi	(that) I were		(che) fossimo	(that) we were
2nd person		(che) tu fossi	(that) you were (sing.)		(che) foste	(that) you were (pl.)
3rd person		(che) egli / ella fosse	(that) he/she were		(che) fossero	(that) they were

~ AVERE ~ CONGIUNTIVO PRESENTE (present subjunctive)

		singular			plural
1st person		(che) io abbia	(that) I have		(che) abbiamo	(that) we have
2nd person		(che) tu abbia	(that) you have (sing.)		(che) abbiate	(that) you have (pl.)
3rd person		(che) egli / ella abbia	(that) he/she has		(che) abbiano	(that) they have

Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)

		singular			plural
1st person		(che) io avessi	(that) I had		(che) avessimo	(that) we had
2nd person		(che) tu avessi	(that) you had (sing.)		(che) aveste	(that) you had (pl.)
3rd person		(che) egli / ella avesse	(that) he/she had		(che) avessero	(that) they had

A few samples of their use:

credo che tu abbia la febbre = I think that you have a fever (notice how a personal pronoun is needed in this case, because abbia may be referred to any singular person). credevo che tu avessi la febbre = I thought that you had a fever (same as above, but in the past). vive bene, nonostante sia povero = he lives well, despite he is poor (notice how a personal pronoun is not really needed in this case, because the verb of the primary clause, vive, is clearly a third singular person). viveva bene, nonostante fosse povero = he lived well, despite he was poor (same as above, but in the past).

Past subjunctive is only required when the other part of the sentence uses a conditional tense. The difference will be easy to understand focusing these examples (by now, disregard the conditional inflection):

se mi incontri, ti inviterò a pranzo = if you meet me, I will invite you to lunch (no subjunctive required: present indicative for "meet", future for "will invite") se mi incontrassi, ti inviterei a pranzo = if you met me, I would invite you to lunch (past subjunctive required for "met", conditional required for "would invite") volete che io rimanga = you (plural) want me to stay (literally: "you want that I stay") (as explained in paragraph 9.1, present indicative for "want", present subjunctive for "stay") vorreste che io rimanessi = you would like me to stay (literally: "you would like that I stayed") (past subjunctive required for "would like", conditional required for "stay")

Further examples will be shown in paragraph 9.4.

.6 SUBJUNCTIVE PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT TENSES

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These two compound tenses express the same concepts as the simple ones, but in the past. So, a few examples are:

"I don't know what he does", requiring a present subjunctive; "I don't know what he did", requiring a past subjunctive; "I don't know what he has done", requiring a perfect subjunctive; "I don't know what he had done", requiring a pluperfect subjunctive.

Since past subjunctive is also used for subordinate clauses in conditional sentences (see paragraph 9.2), pluperfect subjunctive is used for the same kind of clause in the past:

"if you came..." requires a past subjunctive; "if you had come..." requires a pluperfect subjunctive.

These compound tenses are made in the same way as the indicative ones (auxiliary verb + past participle of the main verb), though the two auxiliaries essere and avere use subjunctive inflections.