- •Basic sound table
- •Bisyllabic clusters
- •The use of accented vowels in common spelling
- •Types of accent used in italian spelling
- •Instead, not all fonts have capital (uppercase) accented letters; Times New Roman and Arial fonts, among the most commonly used, have the following codes: try them out.
- •Very few words have this ending, but the rule is the same as for similar cases discussed above: vowel I is kept in both masculine and feminine plurals.
- •Indefinite articles
- •Indefinite articles used as pronouns
- •Combining articles with noun-adjective and adjective-noun
- •Fractions
- •Indicativo (indicative)
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •Vedere (to see)
- •Presente
- •Imperfetto
- •Passato remoto
- •If you are in doubt, use the unbound form which is correct in both cases:
- •If you are in doubt, use the unbound form which is correct in both cases:
- •Possessive adjectives and pronouns used as subjects
- •Possessive adjectives and pronouns used as objects or copulas
- •Interrogative form
- •Negative form
- •Questo (this) - quello (that)
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Important note
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Note accented vowels are used to mark the accent (stress) in verbs of the 2nd conjugation, but remember that they are not used in common spelling
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •In this case, the English past perfect corresponds more or less precisely to the Italian tense:
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •In this case the English compound tense corresponds more or less precisely to the Italian tense:
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •Passato prossimo
- •Trapassato prossimo
- •Trapassato remoto
- •Futuro anteriore
- •The days of the week
- •Seasons
- •Italian also has adjectives referring to each season:
- •Centuries
- •Fractions of the hour
- •Mezzogiorno, la mezza, mezzanotte
- •Adverbs prima, dopo, durante
- •Gender and number of past participle
- •Auxiliary verbs used in reflexive forms
- •Congiuntivo presente (present subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo imperfetto (past subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo passato (perfect subjunctive)
- •Congiuntivo trapassato (pluperfect subjunctive)
- •Condizionale presente
- •2Nd conjugation - perdere (to lose)
- •3Rd conjugation - capire (to understand)
- •Condizionale passato
- •1St conjugation - domandare (to ask - transitive)
- •2Nd conjugation - perdere (to lose - transitive)
- •3Rd conjugation - capire (to understand - transitive)
- •1St conjugation - stare (to stay, to remain - intransitive)
- •2Nd conjugation - cadere (to fall - intransitive)
- •3Rd conjugation - uscire (to go out, to come out - intransitive)
- •Imperativo essere
- •1St conjugation - pensare (to think)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendere (to take)
- •3Rd conjugation - sentire (to feel)
- •1St conjugation - mangiarsi (to eat, to eat up, to have food)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendersi (to take, to choose, to have as a choice)
- •3Rd conjugation - vestirsi (to get dressed, to dress up as a choice)
- •2Nd conjugation - prendermi (to catch me, or to take for me, to fetch me)
- •219 Мультиязыковой проект Ильи Франка www.Franklang.Ru
Trapassato remoto
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singular |
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plural |
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1st person |
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ebbi udito |
I had heard |
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avemmo udito |
we had heard |
2nd person |
|
avesti udito |
you had heard (singular) |
|
aveste udito |
you had heard (plural) |
3rd person |
|
avesti udito |
he/she/it had heard |
|
ebbero udito |
they had heard |
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|
1st person |
|
fui partito |
I had left |
|
furono scappati |
we had left |
2nd person |
|
fosti partito |
you had left (singular) |
|
foste scappati |
you had left (plural) |
3rd person |
|
fu partito |
he/she/it had left |
|
fummo scappati |
they had left |
quando Paolo fu partito, tornammo a casa = when Paul had left, we returned home notice how casa (home, or house) needs preposition a (to), like any other place.
Futuro anteriore
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singular |
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|
plural |
|
1st person |
|
avrò udito |
I shall have heard |
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avremo udito |
we shall have heard |
2nd person |
|
avrai udito |
you will have heard (sing.) |
|
avrete udito |
you will have heard (pl.) |
3rd person |
|
avrà udito |
he/she/it will have heard |
|
avranno udito |
they will have heard |
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|
|
|
|
|
1st person |
|
sarò partito |
I shall have left |
|
saranno scappati |
we shall have left |
2nd person |
|
sarai partito |
you will have left (sing.) |
|
sarete scappati |
you will have left (pl.) |
3rd person |
|
sarà partito |
he/she/it will have left |
|
saranno scappati |
they will have left |
avranno udito la chiamata ? = will they have heard the call ? sarà partito per Parigi = he might have left for Paris quando sarà partito venderà la casa = when he will have left, he will sell the house
.1
THE DAYS OF THE WEEK
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Before discussing several topics concerning time, it is useful to memorize the adverb quando, which means when, both in positive and interrogative sentences:
quando tornerete ? = when will you (plur.) return ? quando avremo finito il nostro lavoro = when we will have finished our work
To indicate a future action, it is not strictly necessary to use a future tense after quando: present tense still gives the idea of something yet to come, although it may also indicate a habitual action, depending on the sense of the sentence:
quando comprerà la nuova automobile = when he/she will buy the new car quando compra la nuova automobile = when he/she buys the new car (future action) quando compra qualcosa = when he/she buys something (habitual action)
An idiomatic expression contains this adverb twice: di quando in quando, meaning every now and then, from time to time, occasionally.
di quando in quando andiamo al cinema = from time to time we go to the movies